Stabilized electrode phase by prelithiating V2O5 cathode materials for high-specific energy thermal batteries

Xu, Caiping; Jin, Chao; Liu, Lintao; Qian, Yu; Xie, Fangjie; Chen, Jie; Chang, Ya‐Ning; Du, Na; Cheng, Shengyang

doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.107284

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This method has been widely used to prepare metal oxide cathode materials for thermal batteries as a result of the highly convenient and easy to scale up properties. For example, Xu et al 18 successfully synthesized Li x V 2 O 5 materials by a brief time high-temperature sintering method with commercial V 2 O 5 powders and all-Li molten salt as precursors, which has advantages of a simple process and low cost. The mixed powder samples were sintered at 900 °C in a tube furnace for different times to obtain products with different lithiation ratios.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Metal Oxide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the solubility of V 2 O 5 in a LiCl−KCl electrolyte can reach 17% at 600 °C, and V 2 O 5 reacts with the LiCl−KCl electrolyte to form chlorine and insoluble vanadium oxides, resulting in battery failure. 13,28,29 To overcome the limitations of V 2 O 5 , Xu et al 18 prepared the Li x V 2 O 5 /molten salt electrode with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using the molten salt as the lithium source through a brief-time sintered process.…”

Section: Monophase Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Oxide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status and Prospects of Research on Cathode Materials for Lithium-Based Thermal Batteries

Bu,

Wei,

Quan

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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As a result of their short activation time, high power density, and long storage life, thermal batteries have been widely used in various military applications. Important thermal battery characteristics, such as operation voltage, specific capacity, and power density, are determined by the properties of the electrode materials, especially the cathode materials. Therefore, one of the major challenges in advancing thermal batteries is the seeking of desirable cathode materials. Generally, cathodes used in thermal batteries are broadly classified into three main categories: metal oxides, metal sulfides, and metal halides. This review will introduce the current synthetic preparation methods, electrochemical performance, and working mechanisms of thermal battery cathode materials at home and abroad. For the metal oxide part, vanadium oxide, copper oxide, and some other metal oxide materials will be reviewed. Metal sulfides for thermal batteries discussed include iron sulfide, cobalt sulfide, nickel sulfide, and some other novel metal sulfide materials. Metal halides, especially fluorides and chlorides, will also be intensively discussed. We hope that this review will provide clear strategies and prospectives for future experimental studies and insight for theoretical studies on the development of thermal battery cathode materials.

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Section: Synthesis Of Metal Oxide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monophase Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status and Prospects of Research on Cathode Materials for Lithium-Based Thermal Batteries

Bu,

Wei,

Quan

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Ni 1– x Co x S 2 was employed as cathodes for thermal batteries due to extraordinary thermal stability. This is a primary molten battery, generally used in aviation, aerospace, and military applications, working at above 350–550 °C, with the ability to store for a long time (>20 a). − Up to now, the commonly used cathode materials for thermal batteries, such as sulfides, , halides, − and oxides, , are mainly prepared by the liquid-phase method, and their large-scale production still has some limitations. Herein, Ni 0.5 Co 0.5 S 2 by solid-phase sintering exhibits outstanding electrochemical properties, delivering a specific capacity of 671 mAh·g –1 and a specific energy of 1173 Wh·kg –1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Synthesis of High Energy Thermal Battery Cathode Ni_0.5Co_0.5S₂ by a Simple Sintering Technique

Chen,

Zhang,

Yao

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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With the synergies of multiple elements, bimetallic sulfides exhibit excellent performance as splendid electrode materials and effective catalysts. However, large-scale synthesis of high-performance single-phase multicomponent sulfides has always been a challenge. Based on thermodynamic calculations, the intermediate phases NiS2 and Co3S4 are devoted to the synthesis of single-phase Ni0.5Co0.5S2. Because the reaction from NiS2 and Co3S4 to Ni0.5Co0.5S2 goes through a lower energy, it thermodynamically contributes to achieving a single-phase structure. Thus, single-phase Ni0.5Co0.5S2 can be simply and quickly prepared by two-step sintering and successfully scalable for mass production. This technique can extend to the whole ingredients Ni1–x Co x S2. Ni0.5Co0.5S2 demonstrates excellent thermal stability and good conductivity. It delivers a specific capacity of 671 mAh·g–1 and a specific energy of 1173 Wh·kg–1 when applied to a thermal battery cathode, which are increased by 18.6% and 25.0%, respectively, compared to pristine NiS2 (566 mAh·g–1) and CoS2 (537 mAh·g–1). This work proposes an innovative sintering method, which is applicable for cost-efficient and large-scale synthesis of single-phase multicomponent sulfides.

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“…Currently, Ni, stainless steel, Ti, and Cu are commonly used as collector materials for thermal batteries, and the matching between different positive electrodes and collectors depends entirely on experience. [14][15][16] In addition to the redox potential, the extremely high operating temperature of the thermal battery (above 500 °C) makes the interfacial reactions even more non-negligible. The CoS 2 , FeS 2 and NiS 2 are widely used as cathode material because of its high theoretical capacity, and good thermal stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Current Collector Corrosion on the Performance of Thermal Batteries

Zeng,

Zhang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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As a bridge connecting external circuits and electrodes, current collectors are critical for battery performance. While numerous studies have investigated lithium-ion battery current collectors at room temperature, fewer address high-temperature batteries (>500°C). The interfacial properties of a thermal battery collector and cathode at high temperatures remain unclear, and collector selection is more empirical. In this paper, the effects of 304 stainless steel on the discharge performance of NiS2 cathode were investigated. At 500℃, 100 mA cm-2 and 1.5 V cutoff voltage, NiS2 first-voltage plateau specific capacity with 304 stainless steel current collector exhibits a high specific capacity of 320 mAh g-1 and total specific capacity of 700 mAh g-1, 146% and 17% higher than Ni, respectively. The Ni current collector of the thermal battery underwent severe chemical reactions at high operating temperatures, consuming active mass and increasing interfacial impedance. In contrast, stainless steel formed an iron-chromium sulfide passivation layer inhibiting further chemical reactions and accelerating charge transfer rate at the interface, resulting in effective increase in the discharge capacity of the thermal battery. This study provides theoretical guidance for selecting current collectors for thermal batteries based on high-temperature chemical reactions.

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Stabilized electrode phase by prelithiating V2O5 cathode materials for high-specific energy thermal batteries

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Current Status and Prospects of Research on Cathode Materials for Lithium-Based Thermal Batteries

Current Status and Prospects of Research on Cathode Materials for Lithium-Based Thermal Batteries

Large-Scale Synthesis of High Energy Thermal Battery Cathode Ni_0.5Co_0.5S₂ by a Simple Sintering Technique

The Role of Current Collector Corrosion on the Performance of Thermal Batteries

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Stabilized electrode phase by prelithiating V2O5 cathode materials for high-specific energy thermal batteries

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Current Status and Prospects of Research on Cathode Materials for Lithium-Based Thermal Batteries

Current Status and Prospects of Research on Cathode Materials for Lithium-Based Thermal Batteries

Large-Scale Synthesis of High Energy Thermal Battery Cathode Ni0.5Co0.5S2 by a Simple Sintering Technique

The Role of Current Collector Corrosion on the Performance of Thermal Batteries

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Product

Resources

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Large-Scale Synthesis of High Energy Thermal Battery Cathode Ni_0.5Co_0.5S₂ by a Simple Sintering Technique