Stabilization of Highly Expansive Black Cotton Soils by Means of Geopolymerization

Miao, Shiding; Shen, Zhaopu; Wang, Xuelian; Luo, Feng; Huang, Xiaoming; Wei, Cundi

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002023

Cited by 80 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The UCS gives direct evidences for potential use in practical construction. Specimens (P-BCS, N-Si-BCS, H-Si-BCS) with different dosages of APS were prepared at the water content of 25% which as assumed to be the optimum moisture content (OMC) based on our previous finding (Miao et al., 2017). As can be found in Figure 6, the maximum UCS was found at the APS content of 1.0Si.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the unconfined compression tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens of 38.1 mm in diameter and 76.2 mm in length. The BCS and the modified soil were compacted at the optimum moisture content (OMC = 25%) in standard molds, and the OMC was obtained in our previous study (Miao et al., 2017). The compacted samples were kept in polyethylene bags in glass desiccator, and stored in a humidity chamber of constant temperature (25 ± 2 °C) for curing.…”

Section: Experimental Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To suppress this expansive BCS as well as find a facile strategy to stabilize BCS without digging them out is an urgent task in the civil engineering. In a previous report, a strategy was developed to stabilize BCS via method of geopolymerization by adding Ca(OH) 2 or KOH (Miao et al., 2017). However, the huge amount of earth excavation and solid crushing/mixing would make this means unavoidable in incorporating solid forms of alkali into BCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume of clay/water was thus extremely enlarged. To decrease the expansibility, strategies have been proposed by incorporation of lime, cement, slags, fly ash and thereof (Miao et al., 2017). The surface properties of clays are also found to have great influence on the swelling (McCarthy et al., 2016; Oza and Gundaliya, 2013; Zhang and Cao, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swelling suppression of black cotton soil by means of liquid immersion and surface modification

Zhang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Although the surface organic modification of smectite has been investigated widely, the swelling behavior of clays has been scarcely studied with consideration of civil engineering applications. In this work a facile strategy of liquid-immersion (dilute H2SO4 aqeuous solution) was proposed, and the 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) was utilized as surface modifier to suppress expansibility of black cotton soil (BCS) which is a type of highly swelling soils in tropical areas. Factors such as the incorporation dosage of APS, surface characters of soil treated by solution of H2SO4 or Na2CO3, and reaction temperatures/time were investigated to get lower swelling ratios. The treatment of BCS by H2SO4 was found more effective in immobilizing APS molecules, and hydronium ions were suppressed after the APS modification. The free swelling index (FSI) of BCS was decreased from 120% to 15% after treatment with H2SO4 and appropriate amount of APS modification. The reaction can be completed within several hours at the room temperature to ~80 °C. The soil samples were characterized by different means including the X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis and Zeta potential measurements. The APS molecules were found to react with –OH groups of the clay, and the hydrophobic groups provide surface hydrophobicity, which prevents hydration of cations within clay minerals. The APS was indicated to re-constructed lamellar structures of smectites after H2SO4 treatment, which suppressed the intra-crystalline and the subsequent osmotic swelling. This research highlights the liquid immersion and surface modification is applicable in diminishing swelling ratios of highly expansive black cotton soil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swelling suppression of black cotton soil by means of liquid immersion and surface modification

Zhang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Heliyon

Self Cite

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“…In natural expansive soils, there are often ions of Ca, Si, and Al, and these ions will react and generate gelatinous compound in the weak alkaline environment, which will finally increase the soil strength and reduce the swelling potential. Microscopic parameters of stabilized soils were studied with SEM by previous researchers (e.g., [25,26]), and will also be studied in this paper. In addition, the effectiveness of stabilizing expansive soils by spraying this stabilizer mixture to site soil surfaces will be studied with a soil column model in the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Expansive Soil with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Potassium Carbonate

Zhang

Hong³

2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Expansive soils have great volume change potentials with water content changes, which is problematic to facilities. Great efforts have been spent on finding proper methods to stabilize expansive soils, but these stabilizers all had limitations. The Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and K2CO3 combination was proposed in this paper. Free swell tests, oedometric tests, unconfined compression tests, and direct shear tests were performed to investigate the effectiveness of the PVA and K2CO3 combination to control the volume change and increase the soil strength. Microstructures of the natural expansive soil and the stabilized soil were also studied with SEM photos. SEM photos showed a homogenous and dense microstructure after stabilization. In addition, a laboratory soil column model was built to study the ability of this stabilizer combination to stabilize expansive soils by directly spraying the solution on the ground surface. All these test results show that the combination of PVA and K2CO3 is able to effectively stabilize the natural expansive soil and increase the shear strength. It is possible to directly spray the stabilizer solution on the soil surface to form a relatively thick layer of the stabilized expansive soil.

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Stabilization of Expansive Soil Reinforced with Polypropylene and Glass Fiber in Cement and Alkali Activated Binder

Syed

GuhaRay

2019

Advancements in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics

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Stabilization of Highly Expansive Black Cotton Soils by Means of Geopolymerization

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Swelling suppression of black cotton soil by means of liquid immersion and surface modification

Swelling suppression of black cotton soil by means of liquid immersion and surface modification

Stabilization of Expansive Soil with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Potassium Carbonate

Stabilization of Expansive Soil Reinforced with Polypropylene and Glass Fiber in Cement and Alkali Activated Binder

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