Stability of the constituents of Calendula, Milk-thistle and Passionflower tinctures by LC-DAD and LC-MS

Bilia, Anna Rita; Bergonzi, Maria Camilla; Gallori, Sandra; Mazzi, Giovanni; Vincieri, Franco Francesco

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00352-7

Cited by 69 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5 In the literature, milk thistle phenolic composition is characterized by the presence of a mixture of flavonolignans (silymarin), which are known to be normally present in its seeds. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] [ ) flavonolignans (silymarin), assigned based on their UV spectra (λ max around 286-290 nm), the observation of the ion at m/z 481 and a very characteristic fragmentation pattern observed in many studies. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Nevertheless, due to the lack of commercial standards and difficulty in interpreting fragmentation, the complete identification of these compounds was not possible, and therefore they were characterized as silymarin derivatives.…”

Section: Food and Function Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Artichoke and milk thistle pills and syrups as sources of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity

et al. 2016

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a Dietary supplements based on hepatoprotective plants have been increasingly used in the prevention of liver injuries. In the present work, the aim was to study the phenolic profile and possibly relate it to the in vitro antimicrobial activity of two different formulations ( pills and syrups) of artichoke and milk thistle, the antioxidant and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities of which were previously reported by our research group. The phenolic profiles were obtained by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and the antimicrobial activity evaluation was performed with the clinical isolates of multiresistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Artichoke syrup revealed the presence of vanillic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside while the pills possessed higher concentrations of 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acids, this latest being able to inhibit the growth of MRSA.Regarding milk thistle formulations, the syrup presented isorhamnetin-O-deoxyhexoside-O-dihexoside, isorhamnetin-O-deoxyhexoside-O-hexoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside as the major phenolic constituents whereas the pills were richer in taxifolin, silymarin derivatives and hydroxylated silibinin; the syrup revealed antimicrobial activity against all the studied bacteria with the exception of Proteus mirabilis whereas the pills revealed activity against ESBL producing Escherichia coli. Overall, all of the studied formulations revealed to be a good source of phenolic compounds, among which milk thistle syrup presented the highest variety and concentration of flavonoids, which is possibly related to its strongest antimicrobial activity.

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Section: Food and Function Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Artichoke and milk thistle pills and syrups as sources of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity

et al. 2016

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“…Separation of the silymarin compounds was accomplished using a Symmetry® (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) C 18 Data Analysis The first order degradation rate constants (k) were determined from plots of the experimental data using the natural log of the ratio of the compound concentration to its initial concentration as a function of time, while activation energies (E) were calculated from the slope of a plot of the natural log of k as a function of the inverse absolute temperature. Compound half-lives were calculated as the time required for the silymarin concentrations to decrease to half of their initial values, in accordance with the first order rate constants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Co-Products from Biomass: Example of Thermal Degradation of Silymarin Compounds in Subcritical Water

Liu

Wallace

Engelberth

et al. 2009

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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In an effort to increase revenues from a given feedstock, valuable co-products could be extracted prior to biochemical or thermochemical conversion with subcritical water. Although subcritical water shows significant promise in replacing organic solvents as an extraction solvent, compound degradation has been observed at elevated extraction temperatures. First order thermal degradation kinetics from a model system, silymarin extracted from Silybum marianum, in water at pH 5.1 and 100, 120, 140, and 160 degrees C were investigated. Water pressure was maintained slightly above its vapor pressure. Silymarin is a mixture of taxifolin, silichristin, silidianin, silibinin, and isosilibinin. The degradation rate constants ranged from 0.0104 min(-1) at 100 degrees C for silichristin to a maximum of 0.0840 min(-1) at 160 degrees C for silybin B. Half-lives, calculated from the rate constants, ranged from a low of 6.2 min at 160 degrees C to a high of 58.3 min at 100 degrees C, both for silichristin. The respective activation energies for the compounds ranged from 37.2 kJ/gmole for silidianin to 45.2 kJ/gmole for silichristin. In extracting the silymarin with pure ethanol at 140 degrees C, no degradation was observed. However, when extracting with ethanol/water mixtures at and 140 degrees C, degradation increased exponentially as the concentration of water increased.

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“…Peak purity was checked by examination of the mass spectra and/or by use of HPLC with diode-array detection (UV spectra of the peaks were compared with those of authentic reference samples). Table 5 shows the comparison of LC-MS data obtained from Cissus verticillata tincture to those from Passiflora incarnata which allows the characterization of the compounds listed therein (BILIA et al, 2002). Peaks A, B, C, D, G and H show very similar retention time in both chromatograms (Figure 17).…”

Section: Characterization Of Flavonoid Glycosides As Potential Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of Herbal Drugs Derivatives with Special Reference to Brazilian Regulations

Barbosa¹,

Pinto²,

Malheiros³

et al. 2012

Bioactive Compounds in Phytomedicine

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Stability of the constituents of Calendula, Milk-thistle and Passionflower tinctures by LC-DAD and LC-MS

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Artichoke and milk thistle pills and syrups as sources of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity

Artichoke and milk thistle pills and syrups as sources of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity

Extraction of Co-Products from Biomass: Example of Thermal Degradation of Silymarin Compounds in Subcritical Water

Standardization of Herbal Drugs Derivatives with Special Reference to Brazilian Regulations

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