Stability and Efficiency of Screen-Printed Wearable and Washable Antennas

Scarpello, Maria Lucia; Kazani, Ilda; Hertleer, Carla; Rogier, Hendrik; Ginste, Dries Vande

doi:10.1109/lawp.2012.2207941

Cited by 153 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Quite recently, embroidered patch antennas [46] gained in popularity, thanks to the availability of low-cost automatic embroidery machines that operate with conductive yarns, These machines enable the study of different embroidery patterns for antenna and ground plane, which is very useful in the context of RFID tags [47]. Finally, additive techniques may be applied, such as screen or inkjet printing, to define antenna, reflector and ground-plane patterns on the garment [32], [49]- [51]. The first screen-printed textile antennas appeared in 2008 [48].…”

Section: B Materials and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first screen-printed textile antennas appeared in 2008 [48]. In addition, washable screenprinted textile antennas for 2.45 GHz ISM band [32][51] and for UHF-RFID tags [34] were introduced in 2012. In 2013, it was demonstrated that textile antennas may be inkjet-printed, provided a screen-printed interface layer is first applied to reduce the surface roughness of the textile substrate [49] [50].…”

Section: B Materials and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wideband material properties found by non-resonant methods may be used as initial values in a second more accurate resonancebased procedure, where narrowband patch antennas are constructed that resonate close to the frequency band of interest [17], [22]. These structures also enable to accurately quantify the effects of relative humidity or moisture [16], [19], [26], [35], of compression or strain [29], and of repeated washing cycles on the material properties [32]- [34], [36].…”

Section: Electrotextile Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the material properties of electrotextiles, it is important to note that, due to surface roughness of the fabric, the sheet resistivity at VHF/UHF is significantly higher than at DC [23], [32]. Similar to non-conductive fabrics, the knitting or weave pattern will result in different conductivities with respect to the constituent yarns [24] [30].…”

Section: Electrotextile Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Radio Links at VHF and UHF Bands: Challenges, the state of the art, and future trends below 1 GHz

Nepa

Rogier

2015

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

106

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Abstract-An in-depth survey of wearable antennas for offbody radio links in the VHF and UHF frequency bands (below 1 GHz) is presented. The review encompasses distinctive specifications, design criteria and challenges, material characterization procedures, antenna topologies and technologies, multi-antenna systems, dedicated testing procedures, applications and future trends.Index Terms-Wearable antennas, body-worn antennas, textile antennas, embroidered antennas, VHF antennas, UHF antennas, antennas for body-centric communications, antennas for body area networks, antennas for personal area networks, antennas for off-body wireless communications. I. INTRODUCTIONhere are several existing and forthcoming wireless applications that either require or can benefit from one or more antennas that are directly stitched on a piece of clothing or a garment, or integrated into a personal accessory (such as shoes, glasses, buttons, helmets). These antennas are usually referred to as body-worn antennas, textile antennas, BAN (Body Area Network) antennas, antennas for body-centric communications, wearable antennas. The last term is the one that is going to be used in this paper, as it denotes any antenna that is small and light enough to be worn or carried on one's body.In the last decades, hundreds of scientific papers on wearable antennas have been published in the open literature [1]- [8]. Therefore, for the sake of completeness and clarity, a valuable analysis of the state-of-the-art on wearable antennas should be limited to antennas for a specific application, a given frequency range, or a chosen antenna technology. In this context, the present review focuses on wearable antennas operating in the VHF band and part of the UHF frequency band (below 1 GHz). Choosing 1 GHz as an upper boundary for this review is highly relevant, as the operating frequency is usually the main parameter to discriminate among available antenna topologies, technologies and characterization techniques. Moreover, we limit our discussion on antennas for off-body radio links, also excluding antennas integrated into mobile terminals/cases and operating close to the body. Specifically, only wearable antennas that can be used separately from the radio unit are of interest here.VHF/UHF wearable antennas are mostly used in professional mobile radio communications for soldiers, emergency operators and law-enforcement personnel. VHF As far as VHF/UHF wearable antennas are concerned, many of their distinctive features are related to the fact that the corresponding free-space wavelength (with 30cm<<10m when 30MHz

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Section: B Materials and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Materials and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrotextile Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrotextile Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Radio Links at VHF and UHF Bands: Challenges, the state of the art, and future trends below 1 GHz

Nepa

Rogier

2015

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

106

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“…The network topology of multiple wirelessly interconnected nodes, unobtrusively integrated in a single garment, allows us to add or remove nodes, depending on the required functionality. In addition, each node can be made washable by encapsulating the textile antenna together with the integrated electronics by a breathable Thermoplastic PolyUrethane coating (TPU) [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible dual‐diversity wearable wireless node integrated on a dual‐polarised textile patch antenna

Vanveerdeghem

Torre

Stevens

et al. 2014

IET Science, Measurement & Technology

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Abstract-A new textile wearable wireless node, for operation in the 2.45GHz ISM band, is proposed. It consists of a dualpolarized textile patch antenna with integrated microcontroller, sensor, memory, and transceiver with receive diversity. Integrated into a garment, the flexible unit may serve for fall detection, as well as for patient or rescue-worker monitoring. Fragile and lossy interconnections are eliminated. They are replaced by very short radio-frequency signal paths in the antenna feed plane, reducing electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity problems. The compact and flexible module combines sensing and wireless channel monitoring functionality with reliable and energy-efficient off-body wireless communication capability, by fully exploiting dual polarization diversity. By integrating a battery, a fully autonomous and flexible system is obtained. This novel textile wireless node was validated, both in flat and bent state, in the anechoic chamber, assessing the characteristics of the integrated system in free-space conditions. Moreover, its performance was verified in various real-world conditions, integrated into a firefighter garment, and used as an autonomous body-centric measurement device.

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Textile Antennas for Body Area Networks: Design Strategies and Evaluation Methods

Soh

Vandenbosch

2016

Electromagnetics of Body Area Networks

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Stability and Efficiency of Screen-Printed Wearable and Washable Antennas

Cited by 153 publications

References 13 publications

Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Radio Links at VHF and UHF Bands: Challenges, the state of the art, and future trends below 1 GHz

Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Radio Links at VHF and UHF Bands: Challenges, the state of the art, and future trends below 1 GHz

Flexible dual‐diversity wearable wireless node integrated on a dual‐polarised textile patch antenna

Textile Antennas for Body Area Networks: Design Strategies and Evaluation Methods

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