Stability and Decentralized Control of Plug-and-Play DC Distribution Grids

Blij, Nils H. van der; Ramírez-Elizondo, Laura; Spaan, Matthijs T. J.; Bauer, Pavol

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2875758

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Apart from the selection regarding the interface with the main grid and the design of the topology for the connection of all the components included in the DC MG, it is essential to determine the control strategies according to which the total system will operate. The field of control strategies regarding these special structures has gained attention over the past few decades, which has led to the rise of advanced control algorithms, creating a mixture of different approaches presented in the worldwide literature [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Overall, control strategies deal with stability and protection issues, power balance, smooth transition regarding transient occurrences (e.g., black start), synchronization, optimization of various objectives (e.g., cost), market participation, etc.…”

Section: Control Of DC Mgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

et al. 2021

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Direct current (DC) microgrids (MG) constitute a research field that has gained great attention over the past few years, challenging the well-established dominance of their alternating current (AC) counterparts in Low Voltage (LV) (up to 1.5 kV) as well as Medium Voltage (MV) applications (up to 50 kV). The main reasons behind this change are: (i) the ascending amalgamation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which predominantly supply DC power to the energy mix that meets electrical power demand and (ii) the ascending use of electronic loads and other DC-powered devices by the end-users. In this sense, DC distribution provides a more efficient interface between the majority of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and part of the total load of a MG. The early adopters of DC MGs include mostly buildings with high RES production, ships, data centers, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and traction systems. However, the lack of expertise and the insufficient standards’ framework inhibit their wider spread. This review paper presents the state of the art of LV and MV DC MGs in terms of advantages/disadvantages over their AC counterparts, their interface with the AC main grid, topologies, control, applications, ancillary services and standardization issues. Overall, the aim of this review is to highlight the possibilities provided by DC MG architectures as well as the necessity for a solid/inclusive regulatory framework, which is their main weakness.

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Section: Control Of DC Mgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

et al. 2021

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“…In the TDS (10), the delay is τ/2, whereas in the predictorbased control input (18), it is τ , although the state itself is not available in the central controller (it is received with τ/2 delay), and this forward delay (from DGU to controller) is compensated with the return delay τ/2 (from central controller to DGU). Substituting (18) in the TDS (10), the closed-loop system becomes…”

Section: Predictor-feedback Based Robust Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Centralized Control for DC Islanded Microgrid Considering Communication Network Delay

2020

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In recent years, the application of renewable energy resources (RES) with DC output has increased, and RES integration as DC islanded microgrids (DC ImGs) has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, DC ImGs face many challenges, and voltage stability is extremely critical for efficient power distribution. This challenge becomes more prominent when exogenous disturbances, as well as time-delay, exist in the system mainly because of the communication network. In this study, we develop a mathematical model of the time-delay DC ImG. To compensate for the effect of the time-delay, three control strategies are introduced-stabilizing, robust, and robust-predictor. The controller's stability is guaranteed based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii theorem, whereas for the exogenous disturbance rejection, the L 2-norm of the system is reduced. Furthermore, to obtain the proposed controllers' gains, linear-matrixinequality constraints are formulated. The performances of the controllers are investigated through numerous simulations, and a detailed analysis is presented.

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“…where 0 and are the reference voltage and droop impedance of the droop source respectively. Furthermore, ̅ is the voltage at which the constant power load is linearized, and and are the power and the linearized incremental impedance of the constant power load respectively [20].…”

Section: B Converter Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Σ is the total sum of the consumed power in the system, min is the minimum allowed voltage of the system, Σ is the total sum of the line resistance in the system, is the output capacitance of the constant power load with power , at node i, and max is the maximum time constant of the system's lines [20].…”

Section: Plug-and-play DC Distribution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of DC Distribution Systems: Analytical and Experimental Results

Blij

Ramírez-Elizondo

Spaan

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Third International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)

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Constant power loads combined with low inertia form a major challenge for future distribution grids. This paper presents a state-space representation to model dc distribution systems. Two methods are discussed to analyze the (small-signal) stability of these dc distribution systems; an algebraic method and a Brayton-Moser method. The system models and the methods for stability analysis were verified using an experimental dc microgrid setup. Furthermore, it was found that the instability of dc distribution systems can be classified into two categories: equilibrium instability and oscillatory instability.

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Stability and Decentralized Control of Plug-and-Play DC Distribution Grids

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

Robust Centralized Control for DC Islanded Microgrid Considering Communication Network Delay

Stability of DC Distribution Systems: Analytical and Experimental Results

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