Sputum Smear Concentration May Misidentify Acid-Fast Bacilli As Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients

Dinic, Lana; Idigbe, Oni E.; Meloni, Seema; Rawizza, Holly; Akande, Patrick; Eisen, Geoffrey; Onwujekwe, Obinna; Agbaji, Oche; Ani, Agatha; Kanki, Phyllis

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e31828983b9

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The 16S rRNA is a highly conserved and most common gene in the bacterial genome [11,12]. However, methods that involve systematic analysis utilizing 16S rRNA alone may not be enough for phylogenetic analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel molecular typing method of Mycobacteria based on DNA barcoding visualization

Liu

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2014

J Clin Bioinformatics

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Different subtypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) may induce diverse severe human infections, and some of their symptoms are similar to other pathogenes, e.g. Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). So determination of mycobacterium subtypes facilitates the effective control of MTB infection and proliferation. This study exploits a novel DNA barcoding visualization method for molecular typing of 17 mycobacteria genomes published in the NCBI prokaryotic genome database. Three mycobacterium genes (Rv0279c, Rv3508 and Rv3514) from the PE/PPE family of MT Band were detected to best represent the inter-strain pathogenetic variations. An accurate and fast MTB substrain typing method was proposed based on the combination of the aforementioned three biomarker genes and the 16S rRNA gene. The protocol of establishing a bacterial substrain typing system used in this study may also be applied to the other pathogenes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel molecular typing method of Mycobacteria based on DNA barcoding visualization

Liu

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2014

J Clin Bioinformatics

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“…Actinomyces odontolyticus might cause pulmonary actinomycosis, septicemia, and pulmonary abscesses (Rajesh et al, 2007 ). Even though most species are not pathogenic, certain members of the Corynebacterium genus are important pathogen in immunocompromised patients (Dinic et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring salivary microbiota in AIDS patients with different periodontal statuses using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2015

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at high risk of opportunistic infections. Oral manifestations have been associated with the level of immunosuppression, these include periodontal diseases, and understanding the microbial populations in the oral cavity is crucial for clinical management. The aim of this study was to examine the salivary bacterial diversity in patients newly admitted to the AIDS ward of the Public Health Clinical Center (China). Saliva samples were collected from 15 patients with AIDS who were randomly recruited between December 2013 and March 2014. Extracted DNA was used as template to amplify bacterial 16S rRNA. Sequencing of the amplicon library was performed using a 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencing platform. Reads were optimized and clustered into operational taxonomic units for further analysis. A total of 10 bacterial phyla (106 genera) were detected. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were preponderant in the salivary microbiota in AIDS patients. The pathogen, Capnocytophaga sp., and others not considered pathogenic such as Neisseria elongata, Streptococcus mitis, and Mycoplasma salivarium but which may be opportunistic infective agents were detected. Dialister pneumosintes, Eubacterium infirmum, Rothia mucilaginosa, and Treponema parvum were preponderant in AIDS patients with periodontitis. Patients with necrotic periodontitis had a distinct salivary bacterial profile from those with chronic periodontitis. This is the first study using advanced sequencing techniques focused on hospitalized AIDS patients showing the diversity of their salivary microbiota.

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“…Although 3-month courses of therapy are widely given, the evidence base for treatment duration is minimal [76]. The closely related genus Rhodococcus is also associated with cavitating pneumonia or para-pneumonic effusions (also weakly acid fast) [77,79]. Treatment consists of dual therapy with macrolides, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol or vancomycin.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are Actinomycetes, which may cause cavitating pneumonia, cerebral abscesses or rarely disseminated BSI [76]. Diagnosis is via sputum Gram stain and culture (weakly acid fast) [77,78]. Treatment options include co-trimoxazole or third-generation cephalosporins.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of severe non-TB bacterial infection in HIV-infected adults

Gaskell¹,

Feasey

Heyderman

2015

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Despite widespread antiretroviral therapy use, severe bacterial infections (SBI) in HIV-infected adults continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Four main pathogens account for the majority of documented SBI: Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typhoidal strains of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The epidemiology of SBI is dynamic, both in developing countries where, despite dramatic successes in antiretroviral therapy, coverage is far from complete, and in settings in both resource-poor and resource-rich countries where antiretroviral therapy failure is becoming increasingly common. Throughout the world, this complexity is further compounded by rapidly emerging antimicrobial resistance, making management of SBI very challenging in these vulnerable patients. We review the causes and treatment of SBI in HIV-infected people and discuss future developments in this field.

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Sputum Smear Concentration May Misidentify Acid-Fast Bacilli As Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients

Abstract: We conclude that concentrated sputum smears may misidentify other bacteria as Mtb in HIV-infected patients. The use of molecular diagnostics could reduce unnecessary or inappropriate treatment and improve identification of pathogens in resource-limited settings with high HIV burden.

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

A novel molecular typing method of Mycobacteria based on DNA barcoding visualization

A novel molecular typing method of Mycobacteria based on DNA barcoding visualization

Exploring salivary microbiota in AIDS patients with different periodontal statuses using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing

Management of severe non-TB bacterial infection in HIV-infected adults

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