Spread of a Major Clone of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis in Poultry and in Salmonellosis Outbreaks in Southern Brazil

Abstract

Salmonella spp. are among the most important agents of foodborne diseases all over the world. Human Salmonella outbreaks are often associated with the consumption of poultry products (meat and eggs), and one of the most prevalent serotypes associated with these products is Salmonella Enteritidis. Brazil is one of the most important poultry exporters in the world. In southern Brazil, three closely related clones of Salmonella Enteritidis have been responsible for the majority of foodborne Salmonella outbreaks over the past decade. However, until now, there has been little information regarding the clonal relationship among the Brazilian Salmonella strains of avian origin and those involved in foodborne outbreaks. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to complete the molecular characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry and food sources involved in Salmonella outbreaks. PCR ribotyping was performed to discriminate the strains into different ribotype profiles according to the banding pattern amplification. This technique was able to differentiate the Salmonella Enteritidis strains into two banding patterns: R2 and R4. R2 accounted for 98.7% of the strains. DNA sequencing of the 600-bp fragment, present in all ribotypes, was applied to confirm this result. The sequences generated showed high levels of similarity, ranging from 99.7 to 100%, and were grouped into a single cluster. These results suggest that there is a clonal relationship among the Salmonella Enteritidis strains responsible for several salmonellosis outbreaks and the strains collected from poultry sources.

Food safety risk posed to consumers of table eggs from layer farms in Gauteng Province, South Africa: Prevalence of Salmonella species and Escherichia coli, antimicrobial residues, and antimicrobial resistant bacteria

“…It is known that eggshells are contaminated horizontally by E . coli and other microorganisms from the environments where the eggs are laid while egg contents (albumen and yolk) are contaminated trans‐ovarially and through shell penetration by microorganisms (Borges et al, ; Chousalkar et al, ; St. Louis et al, ). It is imperative to mention that the two egg contents positive for E .…”

“…Table eggs are used in the preparation of numerous commercial and homemade products and several epidemics of salmonellosis have been reported in humans (Borges et al, ; Chousalkar & Gole, ). Since eggs could be contaminated or infected horizontally by pathogens such as Salmonella in the environment where they are laid or vertically through trans‐ovarian transfer, they are an important potential source of pathogens (Borges et al, ; Chemaly et al, ; St. Louis et al, ). To date, of all bacterial pathogens, Salmonella , particularly S .…”

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Enterica Serotypes Isolated from Poultry Sources in Brazil

“…DNA extraction was carried out by heat treatment as described by Borges et al (2017a). PCRs for the invA gene were carried out to confirm the presence of Salmonella DNA in the extracted samples.…”

Antibiotic Resistance and Potential Pathogenicity of an Isolate <i>Salmonella enterica enterica</i> Based on Genomic Comparison with of 103 and 2199 Strains Obtained from Contaminated Chicken Meat in Mexico

“…The genome was assembled using Newbler version 2.8. Genome sequence annotation was made by RAST [http://rast.nmpdr.org] [5]. This Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession NBXM00000000 and NBXN00000000.…”