1983
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1983.04050080045007
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Spontaneous Facial Expressions Occurring at Onset of Focal Seizure Activity

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“…The most commonly reported somatomotor movements occur in the face, neck, and upper extremity (Gloor,1972; Munari et al,1979; Bossi et al,1984; Maldonado et al,1988; Fakhoury and Abou‐Klalil,1995; Yu et al,2001). Orofacial movements reportedly involve both upper and lower facial musculature and include blinking, eye closure, bilateral facial contractions, contralateral hemifacial contractions, ipsilateral facial clonic jerks, perioral movements such as “lip smacking,” and a general change in overall facial expression (Magnus et al,1952; Remillard et al,1977; Munari et al,1979; Strauss et al,1983; Hiyoshi et al,1989; Fish et al,1993; Kotagal et al,1995; Carreno et al,2005; Hogan and Rao,2006). Neck movements commonly involve head turning (Fakhoury and Abou‐Khalil,1995; Marks and Laxer,1998; Yu et al,2001), while upper extremity movements include dystonic posturing of the contralateral limb, focal arm twitching, fumbling of the hands, and repetitive stereotypical movements such as rubbing the lower extremity (Waxman and Geschwind,1974; Hausser‐Hauw and Baccaud,1987; Maldonado et al,1988; Fakhoury and Abou‐Khalil,1995; Steinhoff et al,1998; Yu et al,2001).…”
Section: Discussion
mentioning
confidence: 99%