Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications

Žutić, Igor; Fabian, Jaroslav; Sarma, S. Das

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.76.323

Cited by 10,233 publications

(5,825 citation statements)

References 879 publications

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“…This spin polarization texture is very similar to that in 2D Rashba SOC free-electron gas, which has only in-plane spin components 36 . Because the spin polarization texture represents the effective distribution of k-dependent magnetic field generated by SOC 37 , under perfect 2D Rashba SOC as in 2D Rashba SOC free-electron gas, the spin of an initially spin-up polarized electron shows sinusoidal oscillation over its travel length 38 .…”

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Formation of Ideal Rashba States on Layered Semiconductor Surfaces Steered by Strain Engineering

et al. 2015

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ABSTACT: Spin splitting of Rashba states in two-dimensional electron system provides a promising mechanism of spin manipulation for spintronics applications. However, Rashba states realized experimentally to date are often outnumbered by spin-degenerated substrate states at the same energy range, hindering their practical applications. Here, by density functional theory calculation, we show that Au one monolayer film deposition on a layered semiconductor surface β-InSe(0001) can possess "ideal" Rashba states with large spin splitting, which are completely situated inside the large band gap of the substrate. The position of the Rashba bands can be tuned over a wide range with respect to the substrate band edges by experimentally accessible strain. Furthermore, our nonequilibrium Green's function transport calculation shows that this system may give rise to the long-sought strong current modulation when made into a device of Datta-Das transistor. Similar systems may be identified with other metal ultrathin films and layered semiconductor substrates to realize ideal Rashba states.

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Formation of Ideal Rashba States on Layered Semiconductor Surfaces Steered by Strain Engineering

et al. 2015

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“…PACS numbers: 71.20.Rv, 75.75.+a, 82.35.Lr It is expected that the new generation of devices will exploit spin dependent effects, what has been called spintronics [1,2]. A challenge now facing spintronics is transmitting spin signals over long enough distances to allow for spin manipulation.…”

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“…We suggest that the hexagonal bundles composed by these polymers might display intrachain ferromagnetic order at finite temperature by introducing interchain exchange coupling. It is expected that the new generation of devices will exploit spin dependent effects, what has been called spintronics [1,2]. A challenge now facing spintronics is transmitting spin signals over long enough distances to allow for spin manipulation.…”

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One-Dimensional Transition Metal−Benzene Sandwich Polymers: Possible Ideal Conductors for Spin Transport

et al. 2006

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We investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of the proposed one-dimensional transition metal (TM=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn) -benzene (Bz) sandwich polymers by means of density functional calculations. [V(Bz)]∞ is found to be a quasi-half-metallic ferromagnet and half-metallic ferromagnetism is predicted for [Mn(Bz)]∞. Moreover, we show that stretching the [TM(Bz)]∞ polymers could have dramatic effects on their electronic and magnetic properties. The elongated [V(Bz)]∞ displays half-metallic behavior, and [Mn(Bz)]∞ stretched to a certain degree becomes an antiferromagnetic insulator. The possibilities to stabilize the ferromagnetic order in [V(Bz)]∞ and [Mn(Bz)]∞ polymers at finite temperature are discussed. We suggest that the hexagonal bundles composed by these polymers might display intrachain ferromagnetic order at finite temperature by introducing interchain exchange coupling.PACS numbers: 71.20.Rv, 75.75.+a, 82.35.Lr It is expected that the new generation of devices will exploit spin dependent effects, what has been called spintronics [1,2]. A challenge now facing spintronics is transmitting spin signals over long enough distances to allow for spin manipulation. An ideal device for spin-polarized transport should have several key ingredients. First, it should work well at room temperature and should offer as high a magnetoresistance (MR) ratio as possible. In this sense, a half-metallic (HM) ferromagnet with the Curie temperature higher than room temperature is highly desirable since there would be only one electronic spin channel at the Fermi energy [3]. Second, the size or diameter of the materials should be uniform for large scale applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were considered as promising one-dimensional (1D) spin mediators because of their ballistic nature of conduction and relatively long spin scattering length (at least 130 nm) [4,5]. Coherent spin transport has been observed in multiwalled CNT systems with Co electrodes. The maximum MR ratio of 9% was observed in multiwalled CNTs at 4.2 K. However, as the temperature increases to 20 K, the MR ratio goes to zero, preventing any room temperature applications [4]. A theoretical work suggested that the ferromagnetic (FM) transition-metal (TM) /CNT hybrid structures may be used as devices for spin-polarized transport to further increase the MR ratio [6]. Unfortunately, although large spin polarization is found in these systems, there is no HM behavior. Another difficulty with CNT is that the devices are unlikely to be very reproducible due to the wide assortment of tube size and helicity that is produced during synthesis. Wide variation in device behavior was reported in the CNT experiment [4].Recently, an experimental study suggested that the unpaired electrons on the metal atoms couple ferromagnetically in the multidecker organometallic sandwich Vbenzene (Bz) complexes, i.e., V n (Bz) n+1 clusters [7]. The FM sandwich clusters are supposed to serve as nanomagnetic building blocks in applications such as recording media or spintronic de...

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“…Graphene and related carbon nanostructures are considered as potential building blocks of future electronics, including spintronics [1] and quantum information processing based on electron spins [2] or nuclear spins [3]. Carbon nanostructures are attractive for these applications because of the weak spin-orbit interaction in materials made of light elements [4,5].…”

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Hyperfine Interactions in Graphene and Related Carbon Nanostructures

2008

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Hyperfine interactions, magnetic interactions between the spins of electrons and nuclei, in graphene and related carbon nanostructures are studied. By using a combination of accurate first principles calculations on graphene fragments and statistical analysis, I show that both isotropic and dipolar hyperfine interactions can be accurately described in terms of the local electron spin distribution and atomic structure. A complete set of parameters describing the hyperfine interactions of 13 C and other nuclear spins at substitution impurities and edge terminations is determined.PACS numbers: 71.70. Jp, 81.05.Uw, 03.67.Pp Graphene and related carbon nanostructures are considered as potential building blocks of future electronics, including spintronics [1] and quantum information processing based on electron spins [2] or nuclear spins [3]. Carbon nanostructures are attractive for these applications because of the weak spin-orbit interaction in materials made of light elements [4,5]. Promising results for the spin-polarized current lifetimes in carbon nanotubes [6,7,8] and graphene [9] unambiguously confirm the potential of these materials. A number of quantum dot devices, components of solid-state quantum computers, based on carbon nanostructures have been proposed recently [10,11,12,13]. Hyperfine interactions (HFIs), the weak magnetic interactions between the spins of electrons and nuclei, become increasingly important on the nanoscale. In carbon nanostructures the interactions of electron spins with an ensemble of nuclear spins are expected to be the leading contribution to the electron spin decoherence [4,7,14]. Minimizing HFIs is thus necessary for achieving longer electron spin coherence times [15]. In some other instances the HFIs play an important role as a link between the spins of electrons and nuclei in the nanostructures [3,16,17,18] underlying the implementations of quantum information processing involving nuclear spins. Probing HFIs with magnetic resonance techniques also provides a wealth of information about structure and dynamics of carbon materials [19]. A common understanding and an ability to control the HFIs are thus necessary for engineering future electronic devices based on graphene and related nanostructures.In this Letter, I study the hyperfine interactions in carbon nanostructures by using a combination of accurate first principles calculations on graphene fragments and statistical analysis. I show that the interaction of the conduction (low-energy) π electron spins with nuclear spins can be described in terms of only the local (on-site and first-nearest-neighbor) π electron spin distribution and the local atomic structure. The conduction electron spin distribution can be determined using simpler computational approaches (e.g. tight binding or analytical approximations [20,21]) and tuned by tailoring nanos- FIG. 1: (Color online). Projections of the spin-polarized conduction electron density ρ s c (r) (a) and the total spin density ρ s (r) (b) on the plane of an electron-doped graphene...

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Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications

Cited by 10,233 publications

References 879 publications

Formation of Ideal Rashba States on Layered Semiconductor Surfaces Steered by Strain Engineering

Formation of Ideal Rashba States on Layered Semiconductor Surfaces Steered by Strain Engineering

One-Dimensional Transition Metal−Benzene Sandwich Polymers: Possible Ideal Conductors for Spin Transport

Hyperfine Interactions in Graphene and Related Carbon Nanostructures

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