Spinal Cord Swelling in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1–Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

NMOSD-like and longitudinal extensive HTLV1-associated myelitis are extremes that flank an overlooked continuum

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3):…”

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3): a. an acute inflammatory phase characterized by an abrupt clinical onset over weeks or months, severe impairment, extensive myelitis, and cord edema (LEHAM). This optional phase is partially sensitive to steroids, cord MRI improves within months, but clinical impairment may remain.…”

NMOSD-like and longitudinal extensive HTLV1-associated myelitis are extremes that flank an overlooked continuum

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3):…”

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3): a. an acute inflammatory phase characterized by an abrupt clinical onset over weeks or months, severe impairment, extensive myelitis, and cord edema (LEHAM). This optional phase is partially sensitive to steroids, cord MRI improves within months, but clinical impairment may remain.…”

Update on Neurological Manifestations of HTLV-1 Infection

“…In more acute or recent-onset disease, one can see cord enlargement sometimes with contrast enhancement, which is gradually replaced by unenhanced cord atrophy (Figs. 1 and 2, with permission [27]). …”

The Peripheral Nervous System Complications of HTLV-1 Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) Syndromes

“…reports of corticosteroid therapy, plasma exchange, pentoxifylline, vitamin C supplementation, and antiviral therapies, all of which have had no efficacy or inconclusive results, and only interferon-a treatment has been demonstrated to be somewhat effective in a controlled trial. 12,33,36,37 PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HAM/TSP Pathological descriptions have identified the most prominent changes to occur in the thoracic spinal cord where atrophy of the cord and thickening of the meninges is noted (a case of a rapidly developing myelopathy was initially associated with spinal cord swelling at the onset, later replaced by atrophy 38 ). Affected areas include the myelinated areas of the lateral funiculi, particularly the pyramidal tract most severely, and involvement of the posterior funiculi is more variable.…”

NMOSD-like and longitudinal extensive HTLV1-associated myelitis are extremes that flank an overlooked continuum

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3):…”

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3): a. an acute inflammatory phase characterized by an abrupt clinical onset over weeks or months, severe impairment, extensive myelitis, and cord edema (LEHAM). This optional phase is partially sensitive to steroids, cord MRI improves within months, but clinical impairment may remain.…”

Update on Neurological Manifestations of HTLV-1 Infection

“…In more acute or recent-onset disease, one can see cord enlargement sometimes with contrast enhancement, which is gradually replaced by unenhanced cord atrophy (Figs. 1 and 2, with permission [27]). …”

The Peripheral Nervous System Complications of HTLV-1 Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) Syndromes

“…reports of corticosteroid therapy, plasma exchange, pentoxifylline, vitamin C supplementation, and antiviral therapies, all of which have had no efficacy or inconclusive results, and only interferon-a treatment has been demonstrated to be somewhat effective in a controlled trial. 12,33,36,37 PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HAM/TSP Pathological descriptions have identified the most prominent changes to occur in the thoracic spinal cord where atrophy of the cord and thickening of the meninges is noted (a case of a rapidly developing myelopathy was initially associated with spinal cord swelling at the onset, later replaced by atrophy 38 ). Affected areas include the myelinated areas of the lateral funiculi, particularly the pyramidal tract most severely, and involvement of the posterior funiculi is more variable.…”

NMOSD-like and longitudinal extensive HTLV1-associated myelitis are extremes that flank an overlooked continuum

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3):…”

“…Finally, the natural history of MRI myelopathy in HAM suggests the succession of two phases 27 (Figure 3): a. an acute inflammatory phase characterized by an abrupt clinical onset over weeks or months, severe impairment, extensive myelitis, and cord edema (LEHAM). This optional phase is partially sensitive to steroids, cord MRI improves within months, but clinical impairment may remain.…”

Update on Neurological Manifestations of HTLV-1 Infection

“…In more acute or recent-onset disease, one can see cord enlargement sometimes with contrast enhancement, which is gradually replaced by unenhanced cord atrophy (Figs. 1 and 2, with permission [27]). …”

The Peripheral Nervous System Complications of HTLV-1 Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) Syndromes

“…reports of corticosteroid therapy, plasma exchange, pentoxifylline, vitamin C supplementation, and antiviral therapies, all of which have had no efficacy or inconclusive results, and only interferon-a treatment has been demonstrated to be somewhat effective in a controlled trial. 12,33,36,37 PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HAM/TSP Pathological descriptions have identified the most prominent changes to occur in the thoracic spinal cord where atrophy of the cord and thickening of the meninges is noted (a case of a rapidly developing myelopathy was initially associated with spinal cord swelling at the onset, later replaced by atrophy 38 ). Affected areas include the myelinated areas of the lateral funiculi, particularly the pyramidal tract most severely, and involvement of the posterior funiculi is more variable.…”