Spinal anaesthesia in paediatric patients

Abstract

We will review recent literature focusing the latest techniques, drugs, dosages, and complications in order to define the limits and advantages of employing spinal anaesthesia in all paediatric ages, in routine and emergency surgery.

Incidence of postdural puncture headache and backache following diagnostic/therapeutic lumbar puncture using a 22G cutting spinal needle, and after introduction of a 25G pencil point spinal needle

“…Incidence of PDPH in adults is directly related to increasing needle diameter (1,3,6). In children undergoing LP for spinal anesthesia with a 25–27G needle, frequency has been quoted at 0.4–5% (7), compared with 8–25% in children having LP for diagnostic/therapeutic purposes with a 22G needle (5,8–12). Risk of PDPH in adults has also shown to be reduced by use of pencil point needle design (13), though this has not been reproduced in children (5,14).…”

Post‐Dural Puncture Headache: Part II – Prevention, Management, and Prognosis

“…For spinal anesthesia, 25‐gauge, 26‐gauge, and 27‐gauge needles are recommended; needles of 29‐gauge or less are associated with high failure rates and are not recommended 15,16 . In children, needle type and size used with spinal anesthesia may be a less important factor as children may be less likely than adults to develop PDPH 17,18 . However, small spinal needles with a size between 25‐ and 27‐gauge are recommended for spinal anesthesia 18 …”

“…In children, needle type and size used with spinal anesthesia may be a less important factor as children may be less likely than adults to develop PDPH 17,18 . However, small spinal needles with a size between 25‐ and 27‐gauge are recommended for spinal anesthesia 18 …”

Spinal Anesthesia in Infant with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report of Inguinal Hernia Repair

“…She received a 0.8 mg/kg spinal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in lateral decubitus and she was monitored with intermittent non invasive blood pressure (left leg cuff position), three leads electrocardiography and continuous oxygen blood saturation [7] [8]. SA was performed at L4-L5 lumbar level of puncture with a 25 gauge-25 mm length pencil point needle.…”