Spike protein is a key target for stronger and more persistent T-cell responses—a study of mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ssali, Ivan; Mugaba, Susan; Watelo, Arthur Kalyebi; Bemanzi, Juliana; Katende, Joseph Ssebwana; Oluka, Gerald Kevin; Ankunda, Violet; Baine, Claire; Kato, Laban; Onyachi, Nathan; Muwanga, Moses; Jjuuko, Mark; Kayiwa, John; Nsereko, Christopher; Auma, Betty Oliver; Weiskopf, Daniela; Sette, Alessandro; Lutalo, Tom; Musenero, Monica; Kaleebu, Pontiano; Serwanga, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.09.001

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Emerging research has underscored the critical role of spike (S)directed (2,3) immune responses in conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2 (4). Prevailing literature suggests that vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 can significantly vary across vaccine types and populations (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The single-dose Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine elicited robust and persistent anti-spike IgG antibody responses in a 12-month Ugandan cohort

Serwanga,

Kato,

Oluka

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionThe study investigation examined the immune response to the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine within a Ugandan cohort, specifically targeting antibodies directed against spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. We aimed to examine the durability and robustness of the induced antibody response while also assessing occurrences of breakthrough infections and previous anti-Spike seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2.MethodsThe study included 319 specimens collected over 12 months from 60 vaccinees aged 18 to 64. Binding antibodies were quantified using a validated ELISA method to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA levels against the S and N proteins.ResultsThe results showed that baseline seropositivity for S-IgG was high at 67%, increasing to 98% by day 14 and consistently stayed above 95% for up to 12 months. However, S-IgM responses remained suboptimal. A raised S-IgA seropositivity rate was seen that doubled from 40% at baseline to 86% just two weeks following the initial vaccine dose, indicating sustained and robust peripheral immunity. An increase in N-IgG levels at nine months post-vaccination suggested breakthrough infections in eight cases. Baseline cross-reactivity influenced spike-directed antibody responses, with individuals harbouring S-IgG antibodies showing notably higher responses.DiscussionRobust and long lasting vaccine and infection-induced immune responses were observed, with significant implications for regions where administering subsequent doses poses logistical challenges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The single-dose Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine elicited robust and persistent anti-spike IgG antibody responses in a 12-month Ugandan cohort

Serwanga,

Kato,

Oluka

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Multiparametric analysis of the specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2

Vránová,

Poláková,

Vaníková

et al. 2024

Infectious Diseases

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An Optimised Indirect ELISA Protocol for Detection and Quantification of Anti-viral Antibodies in Human Plasma or Serum: A Case Study Using SARS-CoV-2

Baine,

Sembera,

Oluka

et al. 2023

BIO-PROTOCOL

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Advanced immunoassays are crucial in assessing antibody responses, serving immune surveillance goals, characterising immunological responses to evolving viral variants, and guiding subsequent vaccination initiatives. This protocol outlines an indirect ELISA protocol to detect and quantify virus-specific antibodies in plasma or serum after exposure to viral antigens. The assay enables the measurement of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies specific to the virus of interest, providing qualitative and quantitative optical densities and concentration data. Although this protocol refers to SARS-CoV-2, its methodology is versatile and can be modified to assess antibody responses for various viral infections and to evaluate vaccine trial outcomes. Key features • This protocol builds upon previously described methodology [1] explicitly tailored for SARS-CoV-2 and broadens its applicability to other viral infections. • The protocol outlines establishing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections by determining optical densities and concentrations from blood plasma or serum.

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Spike protein is a key target for stronger and more persistent T-cell responses—a study of mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

The single-dose Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine elicited robust and persistent anti-spike IgG antibody responses in a 12-month Ugandan cohort

The single-dose Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine elicited robust and persistent anti-spike IgG antibody responses in a 12-month Ugandan cohort

Multiparametric analysis of the specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2

An Optimised Indirect ELISA Protocol for Detection and Quantification of Anti-viral Antibodies in Human Plasma or Serum: A Case Study Using SARS-CoV-2

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