Spider webs are efficient collectors of agrochemical spray

Samu, Ferenc; Matthews, G. A.; Lake, Debra; Vollrath, Fritz

doi:10.1002/ps.2780360108

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Overall, statistical analysis has also indicated significant differences between pine trees and broadleaves except at the 1.5 m s −1 wind speed. This confirms previous research that narrow targets are effective in capturing small droplets (Fox RD, pers comm, 1998, and References20–23). It is interesting to note that Miles et al 20 reported that an increase in Reynolds number or Froude number increases deposition efficiency on vertical surfaces for a constant droplet size to target size ratio.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Wind tunnel studies on spray deposition on leaves of tree species used for windbreaks and exposure of honey bees

Uçar

Hall

Tew

et al. 2003

Pest Management Science

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A wind tunnel study was conducted to determine pesticide deposition on commonly used windbreak tree species used as spray drift barriers and associated exposure of honey bees. Although it has been known that windbreaks are effective in reducing chemical drift from agricultural applications, there is still an enormous information and data gap on details of the dependence of the mechanism on the biological materials of the barriers and on standardization of relevant assessment methods. Beneficial arthropods like honey bees are adversely affected by airborne drift of pesticides. A study was initiated by first establishing a wind tunnel to create a controlled environment for capture efficiency work. Suitable spray parameters were determined after a preliminary study to construct and develop a wind tunnel protocol. A tracer dye solution was sprayed onto the windbreak samples and honey bees located in the wind tunnel at various simulated wind speeds. Analysis of data from this work has shown that needle-like foliage of windbreak trees captures two to four times more spray than broad-leaves. In addition, it was determined that, at lower wind speeds, flying bees tend to capture slightly more spray than bees at rest.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Wind tunnel studies on spray deposition on leaves of tree species used for windbreaks and exposure of honey bees

Uçar

Hall

Tew

et al. 2003

Pest Management Science

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“…Conforme Young & Edwards (1990), esses aspectos são sufi cientes para ocasionar um número relativamente menor de indivíduos desse grupo em um ambiente. De modo geral, pomares orgânicos facilitam a presença e abundância das aranhas, em especial das caçadoras errantes, as quais, conforme Amalin & Peña (1999), são mais suscetíveis aos compostos químicos aplicados, por percorrerem a copa ativamente, estando assim mais vulneráveis; contrariamente ao afi rmado por Samu et al (1992), de que as construtoras, por apresentarem o hábito de eventualmente ingerir partes da teia, seriam as mais atingidas.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Aranhas e ácaros predadores em copas de tangerineiras Montenegrina, mantidas sob manejo orgânico, em Montenegro, RS

Morais¹,

Ott²,

Ott³

2007

Neotrop. entomol.

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-A survey was conducted to study the spider and predatory mite fauna occurring in the canopies of tangerine trees (Citrus deliciosa Tenore, cultivar Montenegrina) of an organically managed orchard, at Montenegro County, RS. During a year, fortnightly, 24 randomly trees were selected and sampled in two canopies areas, by using a sheet of white cloth (1 m 2 ). A total of 3,129 arachnids were collected, being 2,559 spiders and 570 mites. Based on the adults, 53 species of Araneae were recognized, belonging to eight families. Among those, the most abundant were Sphecozone sp. (Linyphiidae) (21.8%) and Chrysso pulcherrima (Mello-Leitão) (Theridiidae) (9.9%). Autumn exhibited the greatest abundance of young and adults of Araneae (29.2%) and spring was the season richest in species (40). Margalef and Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes also showed the highest values in spring. The latter index did not show differences among seasons. Simpson complementary index was equal among seasons, refl ecting the same degree of species dominance. In Acari, eight species were identifi ed in three families. The most abundant species were the mites Leptus sp.1 (Erythraeidae) (59.4%) and Amblyseius saopaulus Denmark & Muma (Phytoseiidae) (30%). Autumn was the season richest in mite species (eight). The highest abundance (47%) was observed on winter and the lowest (0.88%) on summer. Among mites, Phytoseiidae showed the highest richness. Among the spiders, Anyphaenidae was the most abundant and Theridiidae had the highest species richness, following the patterns observed for the group. KEY WORDS: Acari, Araneae, diversity, Citrus deliciosa RESUMO -O estudo objetivou o levantamento da fauna de aranhas e ácaros com hábito predador, em copas de tangerineiras (Citrus deliciosa var. Montenegrina) em pomar orgânico, situado em Montenegro, RS. Durante um ano, quinzenalmente 24 plantas eram sorteadas e avaliadas em duas regiões da copa, utilizando-se um pano-de-batida (1 m 2 ). Capturou-se o total de 3.129 indivíduos, sendo 2.559 aranhas e 570 ácaros. Em Araneae foram reconhecidas 53 espécies adultas distribuídas em oito famílias, dentre estas, as mais abundantes foram Sphecozone sp. (Linyphiidae) (21,8%) e Chrysso pulcherrima (Mello-Leitão) (Theridiidae) (9,9%). No outono observou-se a maior abundância de jovens e adultos (29,2%) e, na primavera, a maior riqueza de espécies (40). Na primavera também se registraram os maiores valores para os índices de Margalef e Shannon-Wiener, este último, porém, não diferiu signifi cativamente dos das demais estações. Os valores de Simpson, em todas as estações foram semelhantes, indicando o mesmo grau de dominância das espécies. Em Acari registraram-se oito espécies, distribuídas em três famílias, as mais abundantes foram Leptus sp.1 (Erythraeidae) (59,4%) e Amblyseius saopaulus Denmark & Muma (Phytoseiidae) (30%). O outono foi a estação mais rica em número de espécies (oito). No inverno observou-se a maior abundância de indivíduos (47%) e, no verão, a menor (0,88%). Entre os ácaros, Phytoseiidae apres...

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“…EVERTS et al, 1991). Furthermore, sublethal doses can change or temporarily prevent the webbuilding behaviour of spiders (SAMU and VOLLRATH, 1992).…”

Section: Pesticide Side-effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because spiders live in the vegetation layer and are active during and after spraying, they are easily exposed to pesticides (JEPSON, 1989). Furthermore, their webs are excellent collectors of pesticide spray (SAMU et al, 1992).…”

Section: Pesticide Side-effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perennial grass strips on spiders (Araneae) in cereal fields and impact on pesticide side‐effects

Huusela-Veistola

1998

J Applied Entomology

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The effects of cultivation methods, pesticide use and perennial grass strips on spider fauna of cereal fields were studied in a large-scale field experiment. The effects of two pesticide regimes (conventional and reduced) on spiders were contrasted with effects of two types of cultivation systems (customary and integrated farming practice). The plots under the conventional pesticide regime were sprayed with herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and growth regulators annually. The plots on reduced pesticide regime were treated only when the control thresholds were exceeded (in 1992 with insecticide and in 1994 with herbicide). The perennial grass strips (sown with a mixture of timothy, meadow fescue, red clover and white clover) at the margins of the treated plots provided an additional element. Seasonal patterns of spider catches were quite synchronous in the field and in the perennial strip. Number of spiders were clearly higher in perennial strips than in the field. Furthermore, the composition of spider fauna differed between cerela plots and perennial grass strips. Lycosidae dominated in grass strips, whereas in cereal fields the family Linyphiidae was common. The dominance of Lycosidae in grass strips increased from year to year. The perennial strips affected the spider abundance of the field; total spider catches and Lycosidae catches, but not Linyphiidae, in pitfalls near the strips were higher than in pitfalls situated further away. However, the effects of pesticide treatments on spider numbers did not depend on the distance from the perennial strip. Reduced pesticide use plots had greater total spider catches than conventional plots in 1992 and 1994. In both years the difference was obvious for more than 3 weeks after insecticide (dimethoate) treatment. In 1992, pirimicarb was nearly harmless to spiders compared to dimethoate. In 1994, the dimethoate treatment (in June) did not decrease clearly the abundance of spiders, but deltamethrin treatment (in July) had dramatic effects on the total spider abundance and the difference was still obvious in the last sampling period. At family level, the effects of pesticide treatments varied between families. Statistically significant differences between pesticide treatments were found in all years in Linyphiidae numbers, but in Lycosidae only in 1994. During the period of 3 years, no differences were found in the numbers of spiders between the two cultivation systems tested.

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Spider webs are efficient collectors of agrochemical spray

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Wind tunnel studies on spray deposition on leaves of tree species used for windbreaks and exposure of honey bees

Wind tunnel studies on spray deposition on leaves of tree species used for windbreaks and exposure of honey bees

Aranhas e ácaros predadores em copas de tangerineiras Montenegrina, mantidas sob manejo orgânico, em Montenegro, RS

Effects of perennial grass strips on spiders (Araneae) in cereal fields and impact on pesticide side‐effects

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