Spectrum and risk factors for invasive candidiasis and non-Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation

Microbial epidemiology and risk factors of infections in recipients after DCD liver transplantation

“…The percentage of fungal infection in this population was 15.69%. The main fungal pathogen was Candida, and Candida albicans was the most common species, which is consistent with other reports (13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Invasive fungal infection after liver transplantation: Risk factors and significance of immune cell function monitoring

“…Correspondingly, our results also showed that classic risk factors, such as a large volume of blood infusion, prolonged ICU duration (catheters and surgical drains), a high immunosuppressant trough level, post‐treatment neutrocytopenia and hyperglycemia, as well as low CD4 + T‐cell activity were associated with IFI by univariate analysis. However, in contrast to previous reports, 14–16 our result did not show renal dysfunction susceptible to fungal infection, because we chose common bacterial infections as a control in the study, while previous studies were of stable LT. In fact, renal dysfunction is prone to secrete more Th2 cytokines and enhance susceptibility to all kinds of infections, including fungal infection in liver recipients 23,24 …”

“…Risk factors for development of IFI have been assessed in several studies, 7,8,14–16 and consist of three main factors: (i) poor allograft function or primary graft failure; (ii) renal dysfunction; and (iii) over‐immunosuppression. Correspondingly, our results also showed that classic risk factors, such as a large volume of blood infusion, prolonged ICU duration (catheters and surgical drains), a high immunosuppressant trough level, post‐treatment neutrocytopenia and hyperglycemia, as well as low CD4 + T‐cell activity were associated with IFI by univariate analysis.…”

“…Therefore, prophylactic strategies for antifungal prophylaxis should be constructed for patients with increased risk of IFI 15 . However, we have very little research in this field for Chinese liver recipients 16 …”

Multidrug resistant gram‐negative bacilli as predominant bacteremic pathogens in liver transplant recipients

“…As described before (8), all patients received tacrolimus (FK506) or cyclosporine and low‐dose prednisone as basic immunosuppressive therapy. Acute rejection was diagnosed by patient's clinical presentations, biochemistry, and histopathology of the liver.…”