Spectacle correction versus no spectacles for prevention of strabismus in hyperopic children

Abstract

Background-Hyperopia (far-sightedness) in infancy requires accommodative effort to bring images into focus. Prolonged accommodative effort has been associated with an increased risk of strabismus (eye misalignment). Strabismus makes it difficult for the eyes to work together and

Current scenario of refractive accommodative esotropia management in a tertiary eye care center: A retrospective study

“…According to research, esotropes may act differently in terms of emmetropization (16). Many studies state that wearing an appropriate optical correction may prevent emmetropization (17,18). Our results support the idea that wearing hyperopic spectacles prevents emmetropization in esotropes.…”

Current scenario of refractive accommodative esotropia management in a tertiary eye care center: A retrospective study

“…According to research, esotropes may act differently in terms of emmetropization (16). Many studies state that wearing an appropriate optical correction may prevent emmetropization (17,18). Our results support the idea that wearing hyperopic spectacles prevents emmetropization in esotropes.…”

Refractive prescribing for preschool children by optometrists in England

“… 19 A systematic review, also published after the guidelines, also concluded that the benefit of refractive correction for hyperopia (over +2D) in children aged up to 3 years of age is unclear. 20 In this study, for children aged both 1 and 3 years, at least one‐third of respondents were in line with the 2011 guidance, the remainder prescribing in full, referring the patient or taking no action.…”

“…Results of a randomised controlled trial published subsequently, although inconclusive, suggested small to moderate or no benefit in immediately prescribing a correction for moderate hyperopia (+3 to +6D) in nonstrabismic 1‐ to 2‐year‐old children, compared with a delayed prescribing approach 19 . A systematic review, also published after the guidelines, also concluded that the benefit of refractive correction for hyperopia (over +2D) in children aged up to 3 years of age is unclear 20 . In this study, for children aged both 1 and 3 years, at least one‐third of respondents were in line with the 2011 guidance, the remainder prescribing in full, referring the patient or taking no action.…”

Prescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia among paediatric eye care providers

“…In children 3–5 years old with moderate hyperopia and age‐normal distance VA and near stereoacuity, failure for VA and binocularity were not common 45 . A Cochrane Review found that the effect of spectacle correction for the prevention of strabismus is still unclear and the impact of spectacles on the risk for VA worse than 6/9 (20/30), amblyopia and inadequate emmetropisation is also unclear 46 . The Cochrane Review determined that there may be a benefit of hyperopic correction for the prevention of reduced stereopsis, but these effects could have been due to chance or biased findings 46 .…”

“…A Cochrane Review found that the effect of spectacle correction for the prevention of strabismus is still unclear and the impact of spectacles on the risk for VA worse than 6/9 (20/30), amblyopia and inadequate emmetropisation is also unclear 46 . The Cochrane Review determined that there may be a benefit of hyperopic correction for the prevention of reduced stereopsis, but these effects could have been due to chance or biased findings 46 . This remaining controversy may explain why there was no consensus among optometrist and ophthalmologists in this study regarding whether emmetropisation should be considered when prescribing for children 3 years and younger.…”

Current scenario of refractive accommodative esotropia management in a tertiary eye care center: A retrospective study

“…According to research, esotropes may act differently in terms of emmetropization (16). Many studies state that wearing an appropriate optical correction may prevent emmetropization (17,18). Our results support the idea that wearing hyperopic spectacles prevents emmetropization in esotropes.…”

Refractive prescribing for preschool children by optometrists in England

“… 19 A systematic review, also published after the guidelines, also concluded that the benefit of refractive correction for hyperopia (over +2D) in children aged up to 3 years of age is unclear. 20 In this study, for children aged both 1 and 3 years, at least one‐third of respondents were in line with the 2011 guidance, the remainder prescribing in full, referring the patient or taking no action.…”

“…Results of a randomised controlled trial published subsequently, although inconclusive, suggested small to moderate or no benefit in immediately prescribing a correction for moderate hyperopia (+3 to +6D) in nonstrabismic 1‐ to 2‐year‐old children, compared with a delayed prescribing approach 19 . A systematic review, also published after the guidelines, also concluded that the benefit of refractive correction for hyperopia (over +2D) in children aged up to 3 years of age is unclear 20 . In this study, for children aged both 1 and 3 years, at least one‐third of respondents were in line with the 2011 guidance, the remainder prescribing in full, referring the patient or taking no action.…”

Prescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia among paediatric eye care providers

“…In children 3–5 years old with moderate hyperopia and age‐normal distance VA and near stereoacuity, failure for VA and binocularity were not common 45 . A Cochrane Review found that the effect of spectacle correction for the prevention of strabismus is still unclear and the impact of spectacles on the risk for VA worse than 6/9 (20/30), amblyopia and inadequate emmetropisation is also unclear 46 . The Cochrane Review determined that there may be a benefit of hyperopic correction for the prevention of reduced stereopsis, but these effects could have been due to chance or biased findings 46 .…”

“…A Cochrane Review found that the effect of spectacle correction for the prevention of strabismus is still unclear and the impact of spectacles on the risk for VA worse than 6/9 (20/30), amblyopia and inadequate emmetropisation is also unclear 46 . The Cochrane Review determined that there may be a benefit of hyperopic correction for the prevention of reduced stereopsis, but these effects could have been due to chance or biased findings 46 . This remaining controversy may explain why there was no consensus among optometrist and ophthalmologists in this study regarding whether emmetropisation should be considered when prescribing for children 3 years and younger.…”

Current scenario of refractive accommodative esotropia management in a tertiary eye care center: A retrospective study

“…According to research, esotropes may act differently in terms of emmetropization (16). Many studies state that wearing an appropriate optical correction may prevent emmetropization (17,18). Our results support the idea that wearing hyperopic spectacles prevents emmetropization in esotropes.…”

Refractive prescribing for preschool children by optometrists in England

“… 19 A systematic review, also published after the guidelines, also concluded that the benefit of refractive correction for hyperopia (over +2D) in children aged up to 3 years of age is unclear. 20 In this study, for children aged both 1 and 3 years, at least one‐third of respondents were in line with the 2011 guidance, the remainder prescribing in full, referring the patient or taking no action.…”

“…Results of a randomised controlled trial published subsequently, although inconclusive, suggested small to moderate or no benefit in immediately prescribing a correction for moderate hyperopia (+3 to +6D) in nonstrabismic 1‐ to 2‐year‐old children, compared with a delayed prescribing approach 19 . A systematic review, also published after the guidelines, also concluded that the benefit of refractive correction for hyperopia (over +2D) in children aged up to 3 years of age is unclear 20 . In this study, for children aged both 1 and 3 years, at least one‐third of respondents were in line with the 2011 guidance, the remainder prescribing in full, referring the patient or taking no action.…”

Prescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia among paediatric eye care providers

“…In children 3–5 years old with moderate hyperopia and age‐normal distance VA and near stereoacuity, failure for VA and binocularity were not common 45 . A Cochrane Review found that the effect of spectacle correction for the prevention of strabismus is still unclear and the impact of spectacles on the risk for VA worse than 6/9 (20/30), amblyopia and inadequate emmetropisation is also unclear 46 . The Cochrane Review determined that there may be a benefit of hyperopic correction for the prevention of reduced stereopsis, but these effects could have been due to chance or biased findings 46 .…”

“…A Cochrane Review found that the effect of spectacle correction for the prevention of strabismus is still unclear and the impact of spectacles on the risk for VA worse than 6/9 (20/30), amblyopia and inadequate emmetropisation is also unclear 46 . The Cochrane Review determined that there may be a benefit of hyperopic correction for the prevention of reduced stereopsis, but these effects could have been due to chance or biased findings 46 . This remaining controversy may explain why there was no consensus among optometrist and ophthalmologists in this study regarding whether emmetropisation should be considered when prescribing for children 3 years and younger.…”