Speckle-suppressed phase-only holographic three-dimensional display based on double-constraint Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm

Abstract

The Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm is widely used to calculate the phase-only computer-generated hologram (CGH) for holographic three-dimensional (3D) display. However, speckle noise exists in the reconstruction of the CGH due to the uncontrolled phase distribution. In this paper, we propose a method to suppress the speckle noise by simultaneously reconstructing the desired amplitude and phase distribution. The phase-only CGH is calculated by using a double-constraint GS algorithm, in which both the desired amplitude and phase information are constrained in the image plane in each iteration. The calculated phase-only CGH can reconstruct the 3D object on multiple planes with a desired amplitude distribution and uniform phase distribution. Thus the speckle noise caused by the phase fluctuation between adjacent pixels is suppressed. Both simulations and experiments are presented to demonstrate the effective speckle noise suppression by our algorithm.

Speckle-reduced holographic display by modulating complex amplitude in single-lens system

“…A CMOS camera recorded the amplitude distribution of the complex field at the reconstructed object plane. 3(d) shows the amplitude distributions at the reconstructed plane of d 2 ¼ 1 m. All images as shown were reconstructed in high quality without speckle noise due to the constant-phase distribution 25 at the reconstructed planes, confirming our method's ability to achieve the modulation of both amplitude and phase at arbitrary planes from phase-only CGHs. The phase distributions of each were set as constant.…”

Tailored laser beam shaping for efficient and accurate microstructuring

“…Each hologram is calculated with i GS = 50 iterations of the GSA because the mean-square-error (MSE) of the desired amplitude stagnates for higher number of iterations. For the case of speckle-reduction by phase-constraining in the image plane, holograms are calculated by the Double-Constraint-Gerchberg-Saxton (DCGS) [17]. Here, the constant phase in the signal domain of the reconstruction is set to π and the amplitude is constrained according to Chang et al [17].…”

“…For the case of speckle-reduction by phase-constraining in the image plane, holograms are calculated by the Double-Constraint-Gerchberg-Saxton (DCGS) [17]. Here, the constant phase in the signal domain of the reconstruction is set to π and the amplitude is constrained according to Chang et al [17]. The used algorithm for calculating the two separate acoustic signals of the two-dimensional phase mask for AOS is described by Strauß et al [22].…”

“…A previously proposed approach for speckle reduction is based on averaging over time of the constructed image of a multiple shifted hologram or of different holograms [16]. Alternative methods enable speckle-suppression in the focus plane by either constraining the phase of the focal plane during hologram calculation [17] or by subsequent shaping of amplitude and phase with two separate spatial light modulators [18].…”

Speckle noise reduction for computer generated holograms of objects with diffuse surfaces

“…Most of these techniques aim to decrease the temporal or spatial coherence of the reconstructed hologram. The temporal coherence can be reduced using wavelength-multiplexing and time-multiplexing of several reconstructed images [2][3], or iterative methods using phase retrieval algorithms based on the iterative Fresnel ping-pong two-plane algorithm [ 4] or the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm [5]. Other approaches include digital processing by subsampling and median filtering [6] and 3D Gaussian filtering [7].…”