Specifying the mechanisms behind benefits of saving-enhanced memory

Runge, Yannick; Frings, Christian; Tempel, Tobias

doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01341-0

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The saving-enhanced benefit also failed to emerge when the saved information did not constitute a significant memory burden (eg, a two-word list; for related research, see Giebl et al 2020). Runge et al (2019Runge et al ( , 2020 replicated the saving-enhanced effect on memory for word lists, showed that it can be observed for motor materials (ie, sequences of finger movements; Runge et al 2020), and demonstrated that benefits of saving on subsequent performance extend to cognitive tasks such as solving arithmetic problems (Runge et al 2019). However, Runge et al (2020) also documented a mnemonic cost for the saved material: participants recalled fewer of the items that they were able to save to a computer than those that they could not save.…”

Section: Internet and Computer Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media, technology, and the sins of memory

Schacter

2021

Mem. Mind & Media

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Human memory is prone to error and distortion. It has been proposed that memory's misdeeds can be classified into seven categories or ‘sins’. This article discusses the impact of media and technology on four memory sins: transience (forgetting over time), absent-mindedness (lapses in attention that produce forgetting), misattribution (attributing a memory to the wrong source), and suggestibility (implanted memories). Growing concerns have been expressed about the negative impact of media and technology on memory. With respect to transience, I review research regarding the impact of the Internet (ie, Google), GPS, and photographs. Studies have documented impaired memory following specific tasks on which people rely on media/technology (eg, poor memory for a route after using GPS), but have revealed little evidence for broader impairments (eg, generally impaired memory in GPS users), and have also documented some mnemonic benefits (eg, reviewing photos of past experiences). For absent-mindedness, there is strong evidence that media multitasking is associated with poor memory for a target task (eg, a lecture) because of attentional lapses, suggesting evidence that chronic media multitasking could be associated with broader memory problems, and emerging evidence that technology can help to reduce certain kinds of absent-minded errors. Regarding misattribution and suggestibility, there is clear evidence that manipulated or misleading photos are associated with false memories for personal events and fake news, but no evidence of broader effects on susceptibility to memory distortion. Further study of the impact of media and technology on the memory sins is a fruitful pursuit for interdisciplinary studies.

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Section: Internet and Computer Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media, technology, and the sins of memory

Schacter

2021

Mem. Mind & Media

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“…Furthermore, saving a file before studying a new file significantly improved recall of the contents of the new file suggesting that saving facilitates the encoding and remembering of new information. In a further study, Runge et al (2020) showed that the saving‐enhanced memory effect holds (and is even stronger) when using motor sequences instead of word lists. Additionally, in an adaptation of Storm and Stone (2015)'s paradigm, Runge et al (2019) demonstrated that saving a studied list not only improved recall of a subsequently learnt word list but also improved performance in a subsequent modular arithmetic task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Speculations have been made about the mechanisms underlying the saving‐enhanced memory effect which parallel the phenomena of list method directed forgetting (LMDF; Runge et al, 2020, 2021), where cueing participants to forget a previously studied list (List A) and remember a new list instead (List B) also leads to the forgetting of the first list and enhanced memory of the second (see Bäuml et al, 2010; Sahakyan et al, 2013 for a review). Previous studies in the LMDF field have documented various processes that contribute to the memory enhancement effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include selective rehearsal of List 2 (Bjork, 1970), reduced proactive interference (Bjork & Bjork, 1996), switching encoding strategies (Sahakyan & Delaney, 2003), a change in participants' internal context (Sahakyan & Kelley, 2002), and reset of encoding (Pastötter & Bäuml, 2010). Runge et al (2020) conducted a study to examine the theoretical explanations for the saving‐enhanced memory effect and found evidence for the enhanced encoding explanation (Pastötter & Bäuml, 2010). According to this account, saving information reduces memory load, freeing cognitive resources that can be allocated to subsequent tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation of the saving‐enhanced memory effect: The role of test order and list saving

Tsai

Sachdeva

Gilbert

et al. 2023

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Saving information onto external resources can improve memory for subsequent information-a phenomenon known as the saving-enhanced memory effect. This article reports two preregistered online experiments investigating (A) whether this effect holds when to-be-remembered information is presented before the saved information and (B) whether people choose the most advantageous strategy when given free choice of which information to save. Participants studied two lists of words; test order and whether and which list was saved (and re-presented again later) were manipulated.The saving-enhanced memory effect was only found when the first list (List A) was saved and tested after the second list (List B). When free to choose which list to save, participants preferred to save List A, but only when it was recalled after List B-that is, when it benefited memory. These findings suggest boundary conditions for the savingenhanced memory effect and that people offload the most profitable information.

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“…That way, we are using several devices as our extended external memory store. Recent research in cognitive psychology shows that such memory offload can have comparable benefits for subsequent cognitive performance as discussed for intentional forgetting in 2.4 [40,33]. As shown in [33], the possibility to store information externally can even be seen as an implicit cue to intentionally forget the offloaded information as long as you can rely on the device to continually store it [40].…”

Section: Improve User Interfaces and Support Features To Enable Cognimentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed Forgetting to Support Information Management and Knowledge Work

et al. 2018

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Trends like digital transformation even intensify the already overwhelming mass of information knowledge workers face in their daily life. To counter this, we have been investigating knowledge work and information management support measures inspired by human forgetting. In this paper, we give an overview of solutions we have found during the last five years as well as challenges that still need to be tackled. Additionally, we share experiences gained with the prototype of a first forgetful information system used 24/7 in our daily work for the last three years. We also address the untapped potential of more explicated user context as well as features inspired by Memory Inhibition, which is our current focus of research.

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Specifying the mechanisms behind benefits of saving-enhanced memory

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Media, technology, and the sins of memory

Media, technology, and the sins of memory

An investigation of the saving‐enhanced memory effect: The role of test order and list saving

Managed Forgetting to Support Information Management and Knowledge Work

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