Specificity of personality relationships to particular forms of concurrent substance use among methadone maintenance therapy clients

Mahu, Ioan T.; Conrod, Patricia J.; Barrett, Sean P.; Sako, Aïssata; Swansburg, Jennifer; Lawrence, Michael Anthony; Laroque, Flavie; Morin, Jean‐François; Chinneck, Annie; Nogueira-Arjona, Raquel; Stewart, Sherry H.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106056

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Young people high in these traits tend to preferentially misuse depressant drugs (30,31). In adults, HOP uniquely predicts opioid dependence and AS uniquely predicts anxiolytic dependence (30,32). The specificity of these paths has yet to be tested in adolescents.…”

Section: Personality As a Risk Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, those high in HOP are thought to misuse opioids to control or avoid symptoms of depression. High HOP adults preferentially misuse opioids over other substances (30)(31)(32). HOP also predicts adolescent depression (47), and depression increases risk of PD misuse (21).…”

Section: Negative Affect Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SS is robustly related to sensitivity to drug reward (39) and to enhancement motivated substance use (31). High SS individuals preferentially misuse stimulants (32,40). The positive affect regulation model suggests this is because SS underlies sensitivity to stimulant reinforcement (52).…”

Section: Positive Affect Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways

et al. 2021

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Background: Fifteen to 25-year-olds are the age group most likely to misuse prescription drugs. Few studies have tested theory-driven models of adolescent risk for prescription drug misuse. Moreover, rarely are distinct pathways to different forms of prescription drug misuse considered.Methods: We tested mediational paths from personality to mental health symptoms to prescription drug misuse, informed by etiological models of addiction. We specified pathways from particular personality traits to unique forms of prescription drug misuse via specific mental health symptoms. We used semi-longitudinal data collected across two waves of the Co-Venture Trial. Our sample included students from 31 Canadian high schools tested in Grade 9 (n = 3,024) and again in Grade 10 (n = 2,869; 95% retention). Personality (hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, sensation seeking) was assessed in Grade 9. Mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, ADHD, conduct disorder) and prescription drug misuse (opioids, sedatives/tranquilizers, stimulants) were assessed at both time points.Results: Consistent with the negative affect regulation model, hopelessness was specifically associated with opioid misuse via depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity was specifically associated with sedative/tranquilizer misuse via anxiety symptoms. Consistent with positive affect regulation, sensation seeking was directly associated with stimulant misuse. Consistent with the psychological dysregulation model, impulsivity was associated with stimulant misuse via ADHD symptoms. And consistent with the deviance proneness model, impulsivity was also associated with unconstrained (i.e., all three forms of) prescription drug misuse via conduct disorder symptoms.Conclusions: Screening for adolescents high in hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, sensation seeking, or impulsivity and providing them with personality-matched cognitive-behavioral interventions may be helpful in preventing or mitigating prescription drug misuse. Our results point to the specific mental health symptoms that are important to target in each of these personality-matched interventions.

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Section: Personality As a Risk Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Negative Affect Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, a recent study with a community sample of mono-dependent opiate and stimulant users who were in protracted abstinence revealed that only externalizing traits such as impulsivity and sensation seeking discriminate between substance-dependent individuals and non-dependent controls, whereas internalizing traits such as hopelessness and anxiety sensitivity do not [116]. Another study investigating the role of personality traits in differentiating patterns of substance misuse showed that among opioid-dependent individuals receiving opioid substitution therapy, self-report personality factors predicted who is likely to report illicit drug misuse during such treatment and what type of substance they are likely to misuse: sensation seeking predicted cannabis use, hopelessness predicted prescription opioid misuse, anxiety sensitivity predicted prescription sedative misuse and impulsivity predicted injection drug use [117]. According to the framework presented in figure 1, some studies suggest that opioid dependence is predicted by the callous/unemotional factor of psychopathy (psychopathy 2) and internalizing traits such as depression and anxiety [38,118], whereas stimulant dependence is predicted by externalizing traits, particularly impulsiveness [32] and disinhibited/impatient sensation seeking [118], which, according to [31], likely reflects delay discounting/impatient sensation seeking.…”

Section: Impulsivities and Substance-specific Addiction Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivities and addictions: a multidimensional integrative framework informing assessment and interventions for substance use disorders

Vassileva

Conrod

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Impulse control is becoming a critical survival skill for the twenty-first century. Impulsivity is implicated in virtually all externalizing behaviours and disorders, and figures prominently in the aetiology and long-term sequelae of substance use disorders (SUDs). Despite its robust clinical and predictive validity, the study of impulsivity is complicated by its multidimensional nature, characterized by a variety of trait-like personality dimensions, as well as by more state-dependent neurocognitive dimensions, with variable convergence across measures. This review provides a hierarchical framework for linking self-report and neurocognitive measures to latent constructs of impulsivity and, in turn, to different psychopathology vulnerabilities, including substance-specific addictions and comorbidities. Impulsivity dimensions are presented as novel behavioural targets for prevention and intervention. Novel treatment approaches addressing domains of impulsivity are reviewed and recommendations for future directions in research and clinical interventions for SUDs are offered. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications’.

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“…Rates of mood and anxiety disorders (e.g. major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, panic disorder) are disproportionately high in OUD populations [26] which suggests a self-medication pathway, with symptoms driving opioid misuse to mitigate emotional pain and heightened physiological arousal [27,28]. Further, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as parental substance use, physical or sexual abuse, and emotional neglect also serve as precursors to OUD [29].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Genomics of Opioid Addiction Longitudinal Study (GOALS): study design for a prospective evaluation of genetic and non-genetic factors for development of and recovery from opioid use disorder

et al. 2021

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Background The opioid use disorder and overdose crisis in the United States affects public health as well as social and economic welfare. While several genetic and non-genetic risk factors for opioid use disorder have been identified, many of the genetic associations have not been independently replicated, and it is not well understood how these factors interact. This study is designed to evaluate relationships among these factors prospectively to develop future interventions to help prevent or treat opioid use disorder. Methods The Genomics of Opioid Addiction Longitudinal Study (GOALS) is a prospective observational study assessing the interplay of genetic and non-genetic by collecting comprehensive genetic and non-genetic information on 400 participants receiving medication for opioid use disorder. Participants will be assessed at four time points over 1 year. A saliva sample will be collected for large-scale genetic data analyses. Non-genetic assessments include validated surveys measuring addiction severity, depression, anxiety, and adverse childhood experiences, as well as treatment outcomes such as urine toxicology results, visit frequency, and number of pre and post-treatment overdoses extracted from electronic medical records. Discussion We will use these complex data to investigate the relative contributions of genetic and non-genetic risk factors to opioid use disorder and related treatment outcomes.

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Specificity of personality relationships to particular forms of concurrent substance use among methadone maintenance therapy clients

Cited by 15 publications

References 67 publications

Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways

Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways

Impulsivities and addictions: a multidimensional integrative framework informing assessment and interventions for substance use disorders

The Genomics of Opioid Addiction Longitudinal Study (GOALS): study design for a prospective evaluation of genetic and non-genetic factors for development of and recovery from opioid use disorder

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