Specific expression of the pS2 gene in subclasses of breast cancers in comparison with expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and the oncogene ERBB2.

Rio, Marc; Bellocq, Jean‐Pierre; Gairard, B.; Rasmussen, Ulla; Krust, Andrée; Koehl, C.; Calderoli, H; Schiff, V; Rénaud, R; Chambon, Pierre

doi:10.1073/pnas.84.24.9243

Cited by 242 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…pS2 expression was detected in 29% of the breast cancers studied, which is within the range (22-58%) for mRNA detection in breast cancer reported by others (Rio et al, 1987;Stack et al, 1988;Skilton et al, 1989;Henry et al, 1990;Zaretsky et al, 1990;Hahnel et al, 1991;Delvenne et al, 1992;Wysocki et al, 1994) and similar to the range of 27-68% of breast cancers that express pS2 protein (Foekens et al, 1990;Henry et al, 1991;Schwartz et al, 1991;Walker et al, 1995;Tutschek et al, 1996). The more recent development of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which may be a more sensitive method to detect pS2, allows both the detection and quantification of pS2 mRNA expression (Carr et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…pS2 expression was significantly related to oestrogen receptor protein expression as expected for an oestrogen-regulated protein (Rio et al, 1987;Stack et al, 1988;Skilton et al, 1989;Henry et al, 1991;Schwartz et al, 1991;Predine et al, 1992;Thompson et al, 1993;Detre et al, 1994;Foekens et al, 1994;Speiser et al, 1994;Stonelake et al, 1994;Walker et al, 1995;Gibert et al, 1996;Tutschek et al, 1996) and we have confirmed the observations of others that pS2 expression (whether measured as mRNA or protein) is not significantly associated with tumour size or node status (Foekens et al, 1990;Schwartz et al, 1991;Delvenne et al, 1992;Gion et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The pS2 gene (also known as BCEI, pNR-2, Md2) encodes a 600-base mRNA (Masiakowski et al, 1982), which is translated to a cysteine-rich protein with structural similarities to insulin-like growth factors I and II (Rio et al, 1987;Stack et al, 1988). The clinical interest in pS2 is the result of an association with oestrogen receptor expression and with other conventional markers of good prognosis (Rio et al, 1987;Stack et al, 1988;Schwartz et al, 1991;Predine et al, 1992;Thompson et al, 1993;Detre et al, 1994;Foekens et al, 1994;Speiser et al, 1994;Gibert et al, 1996;Tutschek et al, 1996). pS2 expression is associated with good prognosis in female -but not in male -patients at short-term follow-up (Foekens et al, 1990;Schwartz et al, 1991;Predine et al, 1992;Gion et al, 1993;Kardas et al, 1993;Thompson et al, 1993;Foekens et al, 1994;Speiser et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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PS2 mRNA expression adds prognostic information to node status for 6-year survival in breast cancer

Thompson

Elton²,

Hawkins³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary Expression of pS2, an oestrogen-regulated gene, has been associated with a good short-term prognosis and response to endocrine therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether expression of mRNA for the pS2 gene in breast cancer could contribute useful information on disease behaviour and survival at medium-term follow-up. Northern blotting was used to detect pS2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the primary tumour tissue from each of 90 patients with breast cancer. Axillary node status was established by sampling or clearance, oestrogen receptor concentration by enzyme immunosorbant assay and follow-up was continued for at least 6 years or until death. At 83 months mean follow-up, 29 of 90 (32%) patients had recurrent disease and, of these, 18 (20%) had died from breast cancer. pS2 mRNA expression, present in 26 of 90 (29%) cancers, was associated with freedom from disease recurrence (P = 0.026) and was significantly associated with survival at a minimum of 6 years follow-up (P < 0.001). Pathological node status and tumour size were also significantly associated with disease recurrence (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 respectively) and inversely with survival (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively). After multiple Cox regression analysis, pS2 expression was still a significant predictor of recurrence (but not survival) after adjusting for node status and tumour size; oestrogen receptor was an independent predictor of survival. The combination of node status and pS2 expression discriminated patients with particularly good prognosis (node negative, pS2 positive: no mortality at 6 years) or poor prognosis (node positive, pS2 negative; 41% mortality at 6 years). Evaluation of pS2 expression in breast cancer at diagnosis may provide additional useful prognostic information to conventional staging.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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PS2 mRNA expression adds prognostic information to node status for 6-year survival in breast cancer

Thompson

Elton²,

Hawkins³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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“…Neither the pS2 peptide nor the pS2 mRNA have been found in significant amounts in normal breast tissue of women [21]. The pS2 peptide is also absent from the breast tissue late in pregnancy, during lactation, and in human milk [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

A new family of growth factor‐like peptides ‘Trefoil’ disulphide loop structures as a common feature in breast cancer associated peptide (pS2), pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP), and frog skin peptides (spasmolysins)

1989

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A new family of growth factor-like peptides 'Trefoil' disulphide loop structures as a common feature in breast cancer associated peptide (pS2), pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP), and frog skin peptides (spasmolysins) Four peptides present in completely different biological sources have been shown to exhibit a large degree of structural similarity. The peptides include: (i) a 60 amino acid residue breast cancer associated pS2 peptide isolated from human gastric juice and the culture media of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7; (ii) a 106 amino acid residue pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP) isolated from porcine pancreas and pancreatic juice; and (iii) a 49 and 50 amino acid residue peptide predicted from a cDNA isolated from the skin of the frog, Xenopus luevis. These peptides are characterized by having one (pS2 and the frog peptides) or two (PSP) domains of a highly conserved 38-39 amino acid residue consensus sequence not found in any other known peptides or proteins. The domain sequences contain 6 cysteine residues in nearly the same positions and it is suggested that these 6 residues are linked by 3 disulphide bonds to form a characteristic 'trefoil' disulphide loop structure common in all four peptides. From the sources of which the peptides have been isolated and from experiments showing that PSP has a growth factor stimulatory effect on MCF-7 cells, it is further suggested that these peptides may represent members of a new family of growth factors.Amino acid sequence comparison; Domain structure; Disuhide bond; Receptor binding

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“…In human breast tumours, pS2 expression is correlated to OR expression and is a marker of oestrogendependent breast cancer (Rio et al, 1987;Foekens et al, 1994). The human 3366 tumour expresses pS2 mRNA, although at a very low level compared to MCF-7 cells.…”

Section: Oestrogen Receptor Dependent Gene and Protein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of a tamoxifen-resistant breast carcinoma xenograft

et al. 2000

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Summary A human tamoxifen-resistant mammary carcinoma, MaCa 3366/TAM, originating from a sensitive parental xenograft 3366 was successfully established by treatment of tumour-bearing nude mice with 1-50 mg kg -1 tamoxifen for 3 years during routine passaging. Both tumours did not differ significantly in OR-and PR-positivity, however, when compared with the sensitive tumour line, the mean OR content of the TAM-resistant subline is slightly lower. An OR-upregulation following withdrawal of oestradiol treatment was observed in the parental tumours but not in the resistant xenografts. Following long-term treatment with tamoxifen, the histological pattern of the breast carcinoma changed. The more differentiated structures being apparent after treatment with 17β-oestradiol in the original 3366 tumour were not induced in the resistant line. Tamoxifen failed to induce a tumour growth inhibition in comparison to the tamoxifen-sensitive line. The pure antioestrogen, ICI 182 780, revealed cross-resistance. Sequence analysis of the hormone-binding domain of the OR of both lines showed no differences, suggesting that either mutations in other regions of the OR are involved in the TAM-resistance phenotype or that mechanisms outside of this protein induced this phenotype. Oestrogen and anti-oestrogen regulate pS2 and cathepsin D expression in 3366 tumours as in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The resistant 3366/TAM tumours have lost this regulation. The established breast cancer xenografts 3366 and 3366/TAM offer the possibility of investigating mechanisms of anti-oestrogen resistance in an in vivo situation. They can be used to test novel approaches to prevent, or to overcome, this resistance in a clinically related manner.

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Specific expression of the pS2 gene in subclasses of breast cancers in comparison with expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and the oncogene ERBB2.

Cited by 242 publications

References 17 publications

PS2 mRNA expression adds prognostic information to node status for 6-year survival in breast cancer

PS2 mRNA expression adds prognostic information to node status for 6-year survival in breast cancer

A new family of growth factor‐like peptides ‘Trefoil’ disulphide loop structures as a common feature in breast cancer associated peptide (pS2), pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP), and frog skin peptides (spasmolysins)

Development and characterization of a tamoxifen-resistant breast carcinoma xenograft

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