Specific Detection of Membrane-Toxic Substances with a Conductivity Assay

Eich, Jürgen; Dürholt, H.; Steger‐Hartmann, Thomas; Wagner, Edgar

doi:10.1006/eesa.1999.1854

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…2 and 3, respectively), indicating that the effect of BAC at short exposure times was mainly exerted, and more easily detected, on the photochemical system instead of on the biomass (at the beginning of the experiment, only the natural assemblage showed minor effects on [Chl a]). Evidences of the effect of BAC on photosynthesis had already been reported by Eich et al (2000). They suggested that the basis of this effect lies on the alteration of the organization, stability, or fluidity of the thylakoid membrane.…”

Section: Effects Of Bac On Phytoplankton Photochemistry and Biomassmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride on Monoalgal Cultures and Natural Assemblages of Marine Phytoplankton

Perez

Fernández

Beiras

2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The current widespread use of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in different cleaning and disinfecting products led us to investigate its potential toxic effect on phytoplankton. To this aim, different physiological variables were monitored to detect toxicity of four ecologically relevant concentrations of BAC (15-200 μg l −1 ) on batch cultures of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros gracilis, and on a coastal phytoplankton assemblage. Fluorescence variables measured by fast repetition rate fluorometry, specifically variable fluorescence (F v ), were the most suitable to be used as endpoint among all the variables recorded (biomass, growth rate, size structure, and species composition). Calculated effective concentrations from F v data provided evidences of higher sensitivity in the natural assemblage at short exposure times (natural assemblage-EC 50 [24 h]= 36.4 μg l −1 vs. monoalgae-EC 50 [24 h]>120 μg l −1 ). Despite these differences, standard monoalgal laboratory toxicity tests provided comparable estimates of safe concentrations for microalgae in the environment. Assessed EC 10 fall within the range of BAC concentrations reported in the literature for different effluents.

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Section: Effects Of Bac On Phytoplankton Photochemistry and Biomassmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The mechanism of toxicity is based on the alteration of the phospholipid bilayer that leads to the impairment of the membrane. Thus, Eich et al (2000) found electrolyte leakage by membrane damage caused by BAC in Elodea canadensis leaves by a conductivity assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride on Monoalgal Cultures and Natural Assemblages of Marine Phytoplankton

Perez

Fernández

Beiras

2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The measurements performed on boiled tissue represent the conductivity of the total ion content in the tissue. Membrane permeability was expressed as a percentage of the total electrolyte leakage (Eich et al 2000;Pociecha et al 2007). …”

Section: Measurements Of Electrolyte Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanosilver in wheat seedlings and Fusarium culmorum culture systems

et al. 2015

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using the high-voltage arc discharge method on the growth and metabolism of common wheat seedlings. Additionally, a simultaneous assessment of the AgNP-induced reduction in seedling infection by Fusarium culmorum (Fc) was performed. AgNP-and Fc-treated seedlings indicated that both factors considerably inhibited their growth. A significant Fc-induced reduction in seedling blight was observed following treatment with AgNPs; however, treatment with nanoparticles was also accompanied by a serious disintegration of the cell membranes of roots. Moreover, treatment with AgNPs increased the quantum efficiency of energy trapping in the PSII reaction centre (F v /F m ) with a simultaneous decrease in energy dissipation in the form of heat. Induction of photosynthesis in the presence of AgNPs did not affect height but was reflected in higher total dry weight. Moreover, analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity typical for the stress response indicated the toxicity of AgNPs treatment compared to Fc treatment. Seedlings exposed to AgNP activity demonstrated accumulation of Ag in roots and its translocation to aerial parts, while the pathogen reduced both accumulation and translocation of this element.

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“…Membranes are among the most important components of plant cells and are sensitive to environmental stress. Various abiotic stresses, such as freezing, phytotoxins, and pulse electric fields, can change the permeability and induce the breakdown of membranes, and the ion leakage of these plant tissues after treatment was more than 90% [ 22 , 33 , 34 ]. The effects of γ-rays on Arabidopsis growth were also shown to be dose-dependent, 2000 Gy γ-ray could inhibit growth and thereafter death of Arabidopsis [ 30 ], In our experiment, we treated Arabidopsis with γ-rays at very high doses of 1918 and 2885 Gy, which could cause growth inhibition in Arabidopsis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling membrane glycerolipids during γ-ray-induced membrane injury

Zheng

2017

BMC Plant Biol

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Backgroundγ-rays are high-energy radiation that cause a range of random injuries to plant cells. Most studies on this issue have focused on γ-ray-induced nucleotide damage and the production of reactive oxygen species in cells, so little is known about the glycerolipid metabolism during γ-rays induced membrane injury. Using an ESI-MS/MS-based lipidomic method, we analysed the lipidome changes in wild-type and phospholipase D (PLD)δ- and α1-deficient Arabidopsis after γ-ray treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PLD-mediated glycerolipid metabolism in γ-ray-induced membrane injury.ResultsThe ion leakage of Arabidopsis leaves after 2885-Gy γ-ray treatment was less than 10%. High does γ-ray treatment could induce the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of PLDα1 caused severe lipid degradation under γ-ray treatment. γ-ray-induced glycerolipid degradation mostly happened in chloroplastidic lipids, rather than extraplastidic ones. The levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE) were maintained in the WS ecotypes during γ-ray treatments, while increased significantly in the Col ecotype treated with 1100 Gy. After 210- and 1100-Gy γ-ray treatments, the level of lysophosphatidylglycerol (lysoPG) decreased significantly in the four genotypes of Arabidopsis.Conclusionsγ-ray-induced membrane injury may occur via an indirect mechanism. The degradation of distinct lipids is not synchronous, and that interconversions among lipids can occur. During γ-ray-induced membrane injury, the degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) may be mediated by PLDζ1 or phospholipase A1. The degradation of phosphatidylglycerol was not mediated by PLA, PLDδ or PLDα1, but by phospholipase C or other PLDs. γ-rays can decrease the double-bond index and increase the acyl chain length in membrane lipids, which may make membranes more rigid and further cause injury in membranes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-017-1153-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Specific Detection of Membrane-Toxic Substances with a Conductivity Assay

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride on Monoalgal Cultures and Natural Assemblages of Marine Phytoplankton

Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride on Monoalgal Cultures and Natural Assemblages of Marine Phytoplankton

Effect of nanosilver in wheat seedlings and Fusarium culmorum culture systems

Profiling membrane glycerolipids during γ-ray-induced membrane injury

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