Noble
metal nanoclusters (<2 nm) prepared using special molecules
such as proteins and peptides as templates have been attracting increasing
attention in biomedical applications and cell imaging because of their
excellent biocompatibility, size-dependent fluorescence properties,
and relatively simple synthesis. Although cell imaging using metal
clusters has developed rapidly in recent years, multimodal imaging
of the cell nucleus remains challenging. Herein, we report the successful
synthesis of two different types of gold nanoclusters, one with blue
fluorescence emission (λex 320 nm, λem 405 nm) and the other with red fluorescence emission (λex 560 nm, λem 657 nm), using the same polypeptide
SV (sequence: NH2–CCYGGPKKKRKVG-COOH) as a template.
The synthesis of these two optically distinct Au nanoclusters (Au
NCs) was achieved through the optimization of synthesis conditions,
including light, pH, the Au: polypeptide ratio, reaction time, and
temperature. The multimodal imaging ability of the Au NCs were subsequently
explored, with particular emphasis on the enzyme-like catalysis of
the NCs and their use in the optical imaging of cell nuclei. Results
show that the Au NCs possessed similar biological activities as the
parent peptide used in their synthesis as well as demonstrating peroxidase-like
activity due to the Au nanocluster core. Further, the Au NCs targeted
the cell nucleus, with their strong fluorescence allowing cell imaging
(cells containing Au clusters could be distinguished by eye, eliminating
the need for additional labels). Finally, the Au NCs exhibited excellent
multimodal cell imaging abilities. The results suggest that the Au
NCs introduced here are promising candidates for the labeling and
analysis of pathological samples.