Species recognition and sexual dimorphism in Proconsul and Rangwapithecus

Kelley, Jay

doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(86)80028-8

Cited by 67 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…<Figure 2 about here> Upper canines Upper canine crowns of Ekembo are typical of those of most catarrhines in terminating in an evenly tapering point. This differs from the Proconsul specimens, which have a blade-like (Kelley, 1986;Senut et al, 2000;Harrison, 2010) or "burin-like" (Pickford et al, 2009) canine tip ( Figure 3). While blade-like apical morphology has long been recognized as a distinctive characteristic of P. major, we confirm the report by Pickford et al (2009) that this feature is also present in the P. africanus type specimen (Figure 3a), although somewhat understated as expected in the more slender and highercrowned P. africanus canines.…”

Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This number is substantially reduced under the taxonomic scheme proposed by Pickford et al (2009), wherein half of these species are referred to "Ugandapithecus." Those preferring to maintain all of this material in Proconsul, however, have noted that the greatest distinction within that sample is between the Kisingiri assemblages on the one hand and those from Tinderet and Uganda on the other Begun, 2001Begun, , 2007MacLatchy and Rossie, 2005;Harrison and Andrews, 2009;Harrison, 2010) -an interpretation presaged in some ways by the taxonomy proposed by Kelley (1986) and Pickford (1986), and ultimately echoing the original presentation by L.S.B. Leakey (Myers, 1932).…”

Section: -Was Given the Namementioning

confidence: 88%

“…While blade-like apical morphology has long been recognized as a distinctive characteristic of P. major, we confirm the report by Pickford et al (2009) that this feature is also present in the P. africanus type specimen (Figure 3a), although somewhat understated as expected in the more slender and highercrowned P. africanus canines. Unfortunately, other canines attributed to P. africanus (e.g., M 44837, KNM SO 419, LG 921, CA 1910, SO 5353; [Kelley, 1986]) have broken apices and therefore cannot be evaluated for this feature. A blade-like tip is also present in the deciduous upper canines of P. major (e.g., KNM-SO 371, MV 10, NAP IV, UMP 62-20) and P. meswae (KNM ME 11).…”

Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kelley, 1986), and the development of numerous finer longitudinal striations near the root apex that extend to varying degrees toward the cervix of the tooth. Longitudinal "fluting" consists of broad grooves that segment the root into distinct sections (cf.…”

Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pickford et al, 2009;Figure 3e). Most often the root in cross-section has the appearance of a cylinder that has been sectioned longitudinally with the two halves offset from each other, but in some cases there are three segments and the root cross-section is more triangular in appearance (Kelley, 1986). This characteristic was noted by Kelley (1986) in the P. africanus canines, but not in those of P. major.…”

Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic revision of Proconsul with the description of a new genus of early Miocene hominoid

McNulty

Begun

Kelley

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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For more than 80 years, Proconsul has held a pivotal position in interpretations of catarrhine evolution in East Africa. From early hypotheses of phyletic relationships with modern apes to more recent debates over their position within Hominoidea, the well-preserved fossils of this genus have been a foundation for most evolutionary scenarios regarding the early diversification of hominoids. The majority of what we "know" about Proconsul, however, derives from abundant younger fossils found at the Kisingiri localities on Rusinga and Mfangano Islands rather than from the smaller samples found at Koru -the locality of the type species, Proconsul africanus -and other Tinderet deposits. One outcome of this is seen in recent attempts to expand the genus "Ugandapithecus" (considered here a junior subjective synonym of Proconsul), wherein much of the Tinderet sample was referred to that genus based primarily on differentiating it from the Kisingiri specimens rather than from the type species, P.africanus. This and other recent taxonomic revisions to Proconsul prompted us to undertake a systematic review of dentognathic specimens attributed to this taxon. Results of our study underscore and extend the substantive distinction of Tinderet and Ugandan Proconsul (i.e., Proconsul sensu stricto) from the Kisingiri fossils, the latter recognized here as a new genus. Specimens of the new genus are readily distinguished from Proconsul sensu stricto by morphology preserved in the P. africanus holotype, M 14084, but also in I 1 s, lower incisors, upper and lower canines, and especially mandibular characteristics. A number of these differences are more advanced among Kisingiri specimens in the direction of crown hominoids. Proconsul sensu stricto is characterized by a suite of unique features that strongly unite the included species as a clade. There have been decades of contentious debate over the phylogenetic placement of Proconsul (sensu lato), due in part to there being a mixture of primitive and more advanced morphology within the single genus. By recognizing two distinct clades that, in large part, segregate these character states, we believe that better phylogenetic resolution can be achieved.3

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Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: -Was Given the Namementioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Upper Incisors Two Features Of the Ekembo Upper Central Incimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic revision of Proconsul with the description of a new genus of early Miocene hominoid

McNulty

Begun

Kelley

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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Testing for multiple species in fossil samples: An evaluation and comparison of tests for equal relative variation

Donnelly

Kramer

1999

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Tests for equal relative variation are valuable and frequently used tools for evaluating hypotheses about taxonomic heterogeneity in fossil hominids. In this study, Monte Carlo methods and simulated data are used to evaluate and compare 11 tests for equal relative variation. The tests evaluated include CV-based parametric bootstrap tests, modifications of Levene's test, and modified weighted scores tests. The results of these simulations show that a modified version of the weighted scores test developed by Fligner and Killeen ([1976] J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 71:210-213) is the only test that maintains an acceptable balance of type I and type II errors, even under conditions where all other tests have extraordinarily high type I error rates or little power.

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Hominoid dental variability and species number at the late Miocene site of Lufeng, China

Kelley

Etler

1989

American J Primatol

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The large hominoid sample from the late Miocene site of Lufeng, China, has been variously claimed to contain either one or two species, but very few metric data in support of either position have been published. We calculate coefficients of variation for the dental remains both for the two presumed species and for the pooled sample as a whole using the summary statistics published by Wu & Oxnard (Wu & Oxnard: American Journal of Primatology 5:303–344, 1983a, Nature 306:258–260, 1983b). These are compared to the same measures of single‐sex and combined‐sex samples of extant hominoids. We also present metric characterizations of male and female canines of extant great apes, with which we evaluate the gender composition of the Lufeng canine sample. In a two‐species alternative, the two presumed species have measures of variability and canine representation that are more compatible with single‐sex samples representing males and females, respectively. The pooled dental sample has measures of variability within the ranges of single species of extant great apes. We conclude there is a single large hominoid species represented at Lufeng that is highly sexually dimorphic. The phylogenetic relationships of this species are briefly considered. It is generally primitive in craniodental morhpology and is unlikely to be a member of the Sivapithecus‐Pongo clade.

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Species recognition and sexual dimorphism in Proconsul and Rangwapithecus

Cited by 67 publications

References 49 publications

A systematic revision of Proconsul with the description of a new genus of early Miocene hominoid

A systematic revision of Proconsul with the description of a new genus of early Miocene hominoid

Testing for multiple species in fossil samples: An evaluation and comparison of tests for equal relative variation

Hominoid dental variability and species number at the late Miocene site of Lufeng, China

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