Species Inequality in Scientific Study

Abstract

Some conservationists argue for a focused effort to protect the most critically endangered species, and others suggest a large-scale endeavor to safeguard common species across large areas. Similar arguments are applicable to the distribution of scientific effort among species. Should conservation scientists focus research efforts on threatened species, common species, or do all species deserve equal attention? We assessed the scientific equity among 1909 mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians of southern Africa by relating the number of papers written about each species to their status on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Threatened large mammals and reptiles had more papers written about them than their nonthreatened counterparts, whereas threatened small mammals and amphibians received less attention than nonthreatened species. Threatened birds received an intermediate amount of attention in the scientific literature. Thus, threat status appears to drive scientific effort among some animal groups, whereas other factors (e.g., pest management and commercial interest) appear to dictate scientific investment in particular species of other groups. Furthermore, the scientific investment per species differed greatly between groups-the mean number of papers per threatened large mammal eclipsed that of threatened reptiles, birds, small mammals, and amphibians by 2.6-, 15-, 216-, and more than 500-fold, respectively. Thus, in the eyes of science, all species are not created equal. A few species commanded a great proportion of scientific attention, whereas for many species information that might inform conservation is virtually nonexistent.

Sturgeon and paddlefish research focuses on low risk species and largely disregards endangered species

“…This phenomenon has previously also been observed in other fields of conservation biology (Trimble & van Aarde 2010, Fisher et al 2011). Farrier et al (2007) noted that, although classifying species as endangered is expected to result in appropriate prioritisation of activities and efforts, such as establishment of research priorities, other values and factors (e.g.…”

Drivers of extinction risk in African mammals: the interplay of distribution state, human pressure, conservation response and species biology

“…The African mammalian fauna has been the subject of longstanding scientific attention [33] and comprises some of the most attractive species for tourists: lion (Pathera leo), leopard, (P. pardus), African elephant (Loxodonta africana), Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis) and great apes (chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes; bonobos, P. paniscus; and gorillas, Gorilla gorilla and G. beringei). Nonetheless, it has been estimated that African large mammals have lost 59% of their populations in the past 40 years even within protected areas (PAs) [34], and African carnivores and ungulates have faced a continental-scale deterioration in conservation status in the same period [6].…”

Taxonomic bias and international biodiversity conservation research

“…2). Such bias in conservation research has implications for scientific study, funding, and policy (Trimble and Van Aarde 2010) and raises new concerns for threatened invertebrates worldwide.…”