Species diversity of sand flies and ecological niche model of Phlebotomus papatasi in central Iran

Abedi-Astaneh, Fatemeh; Akhavan, Amir Ahmad; Shirzadi, Mohammad Reza; Rassi, Yavar; Yaghoobi–Ershadi, Mohammad Reza; Hanafi‐Bojd, Ahmad Ali; Akbarzadeh, Kamran; Nafar-Shalamzari, Reza; Parsi, Sohbat; Abbasi, Allah Nawaz; Raufi, Hedayatollah

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.030

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Another study identified the highest density of P. argentipes in the southern province where leishmaniasis is an emerging epidemic disease [39]. In addition, a recent study in Iran showed that optimal atmospheric conditions for breeding and maturation of sand fly vectors are present in low altitude areas [40]. In the present study, we identified that the incidence of leishmaniasis at high altitudes is very low compared to the cases identified from areas situated in low altitudes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: spatial distribution and seasonal variations from 2009 to 2016

2018

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BackgroundLeishmaniasis is listed as one of the eight neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization and the number of cases in endemic areas has seen a sharp rise in the past decade. More alarmingly, reports have shown that leishmaniasis is spreading to non-endemic areas of the world due to co-infection with HIV. In Sri Lanka, leishmaniasis is considered as a notifiable disease from 2008 and has seen a rising trend of incidence since then. This is the first study describing the burden, seasonal variation and spatial distribution of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka since the disease has been included as a notifiable disease.MethodsData on health statistics from 2009 to 2016 were obtained from published databases maintained by the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka. Climatic data for Sri Lanka were obtained from the Department of Meteorology and the populations in administrative districts were obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. Descriptive spatiotemporal analysis, correlation between leishmaniasis incidence and climatic variables were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.ResultsThe total number of people reported with leishmaniasis during the study period was 8487. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the prominent form in Sri Lanka while few visceral and muco-cutaneous cases were reported. Although leishmaniasis patients were identified from all 25 districts in the island, almost 90% of the total caseload was reported from Anuradhapura, Hambantota, Polonnaruwa, Kurunegala and Matara districts. The highest number of patients was reported from the Anuradhapura district and the highest incidence per 100,000 persons was reported from the Hambantota district. The disease has a seasonal trend, a peak of leishmaniasis occur in July to September in the north-central region and in October to December in the southern region. Maximum temperature, humidity and wind speed are significantly associated climatic variables with leishmaniasis in endemic regions.ConclusionsLeishmaniasis is an emerging public health problem in north-central and southern Sri Lanka. Public awareness programs for the prevention and control of the disease in endemic regions are essential to reduce the incidence of leishmaniasis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: spatial distribution and seasonal variations from 2009 to 2016

2018

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“…In In line with recent reports in Iran [33], current investigation not only indicated higher diversity for specific species of sand flies in mountainous region only within Sergentomyia and Paraphlebotomus species, but also has confirmed actually more diversities and richness of vectors of visceral leishmaniasis only in semi-desert and Mediterranean BC communities (Table 3, Additional file 6: Table S4). Vectors of visceral leishmaniasis indicated no considerable diversity in mountainous region except Dartum and Mahnan counties.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Species diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors: evidence for variation in gene expression of immunogenic SP15 and LeIF proteins due to bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies, Iran

Bordbar

Parvizi

2020

Preprint

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Background Main approaches of this investigation were climate regionalization to recognize the spatial distribution of cutaneous/visceral leishmaniasis (CL/VL) vectors as risk-maps using ArcGIS modeling system, evaluation of species biodiversity, assessing bio-climate (BC) effect on expression plasticity of genes possessing vaccine properties isolated from wild-collected sand flies.Methods The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was used to obtain accurate geography map using ArcGIS10.3.1 in closely-related distances. Species diversity was calculated based on Shannon diversity index using Rv.3.5.3. Expression fold change of SP15 and LeIF genes was evaluated using cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR analysis. Results Three BC zone were identified in northeast of Iran. Phlebotomus papatasi were abundantly captured in all BC regions and the frequency was more in plains areas of mountainous BC as hot spots of CL. VL vectors were more prevalent in spatial cluster of Mediterranean BC. Semi-arid BC was identified as a major contributing factor to up-regulate SP15 salivary gene expression ( P =0.0050, P <0.05), and Mediterranean BC had considerable effect on up-regulation of LeIF- Leishmania gene in gravid and semi-gravid P. papatasi population ( P =0.0109, P <0.05). Conclusions The diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors associated with BC regionalization obtained in our research provide epidemiological risk maps and establish more effectively control measures against leishmaniasis. Oscillations in gene expression indicate that each gene has its own features, which are profoundly affected by bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies. It is essential to consider BC factors affecting regulatory regions of environmentally responsive loci for genes used in vaccine designing.

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“…12d, e, f, Table 2, Additional file 7: Table S5). In line with recent reports in Iran [33], current investigation not only indicated higher diversity for specific species of sand flies in mountainous region only within Sergentomyia and Paraphlebotomus species, but also has confirmed actually more diversities and richness of vectors of visceral leishmaniasis only in semi-desert and Mediterranean BC communities ( Table 3, Additional file 6: Table S4). Vectors of visceral leishmaniasis indicated no considerable diversity in mountainous region except Dartum and Mahnan counties.…”

Section: Sp15 and Leif Expressionssupporting

confidence: 91%

Species diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors: Evidence for variation in gene expression of immunogenic SP15 and LeIF proteins due to bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies, Iran

Bordbar

Parvizi

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Main approaches of this investigation were climate regionalization to recognize the spatial distribution of cutaneous/visceral leishmaniasis (CL/VL) vectors as risk-maps using ArcGIS modeling system, evaluation of species biodiversity, assessing bio-climate (BC) effect on expression plasticity of genes possessing vaccine properties isolated from wild-collected sand flies. Methods The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was used to obtain accurate geography map using ArcGIS10.3.1 in closely-related distances. Species diversity was calculated based on Shannon diversity index using Rv.3.5.3. Expression fold change of SP15 and LeIF genes was evaluated using cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR analysis. Results Three BC zone were identified in northeast of Iran. Phlebotomus papatasi were abundantly captured in all BC regions and the frequency was more in plains areas of mountainous BC as hot spots of CL. VL vectors were more prevalent in spatial cluster of Mediterranean BC. Semi-arid BC was identified as a major contributing factor to up-regulate SP15 salivary gene expression ( P =0.0050, P <0.05), and Mediterranean BC had considerable effect on up-regulation of LeIF- Leishmania gene in gravid and semi-gravid P. papatasi population ( P =0.0109, P <0.05). Conclusions The diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors associated with BC regionalization obtained in our research provide epidemiological risk maps and establish more effectively control measures against leishmaniasis. Oscillations in gene expression indicate that each gene has its own features, which are profoundly affected by bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies. It is essential to consider BC factors affecting regulatory regions of environmentally responsive loci for genes used in vaccine designing.

show abstract

Species diversity of sand flies and ecological niche model of Phlebotomus papatasi in central Iran

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: spatial distribution and seasonal variations from 2009 to 2016

Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: spatial distribution and seasonal variations from 2009 to 2016

Species diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors: evidence for variation in gene expression of immunogenic SP15 and LeIF proteins due to bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies, Iran

Species diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors: Evidence for variation in gene expression of immunogenic SP15 and LeIF proteins due to bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies, Iran

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