Species diversity as a surrogate for conservation of phylogenetic and functional diversity in terrestrial vertebrates across the Americas

Rapacciuolo, Giovanni; Graham, Catherine H.; Marin, Julie; Behm, Jocelyn E.; Costa, Gabriel C.; Hedges, S. Blair; Helmus, Matthew R.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Young, Bruce E.; Brooks, Thomas M.

doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0744-7

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Although taxonomic and evolutionary diversity frequently show a similar geographical trend (Rapacciuolo et al, 2018;Sandel, 2018), this is not always the case (Tucker & Cadotte, 2013;Voskamp et al, 2017). Geographical mismatch between taxonomic and phylogenetic dimensions indicates fruitful avenues for exploring the factors shaping the current distribution of diversity (Davies & Buckley, 2011;Tucker & Cadotte, 2013;Voskamp et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical patterns and current and short‐term historical correlates of phylogenetic diversity and endemism for New World primates

Varzinczak

Zanata

Moura

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Addressing the phylogenetic relationship among species has been insightful to understand evolutionary and biogeographical processes shaping the distribution of diversity across broad geographical gradients. Here we determine the geographical distribution and the variables correlated with the phylogenetic component of diversity and endemism for primates, as well as their relationships with the taxonomic component of diversity. Location New World. Taxon New World monkeys, Platyrrhini. Methods We mapped primate occurrence in cells of 110 × 110 km. For each cell, we calculated phylogenetic diversity (PD) and endemism (PE), as well as how much these indices deviate from their expected values based on species richness (SR) and endemism (SE), respectively. Using simultaneous autoregressive models, we tested the effects of mean annual temperature, forest structure and climate history on the current patterns of primate phylogenetic diversity. Results We found that most primate phylogenetic diversity is found in the tropical forests of South America. Tropical forests also present much higher PD and PE than predicted by SR and SE, respectively, demonstrating their importance in producing and maintaining primate phylogenetic diversity in the New World. Furthermore, regions presenting low SR and SE nevertheless show high PE, likely because these areas have witnessed the evolution of many clades occurring exclusively therein. Overall, mean annual temperature had the highest influence in explaining phylogenetic indices. Main conclusions Our results suggest a strong influence of primate biogeography throughout the New World on the geographical distribution of the phylogenetic component of their diversity, with the Amazon, Atlantic Forest and Central America containing the greatest amount and endemism of phylogenetic diversity. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics underlying the geographical distribution of New World's primate diversity, especially in a phylogenetic context in which their biogeographical history has deeply affected current patterns of primate diversity in this region. Our results provide essential information for the conservation of primate evolutionary history, especially considering the forecast effects of habitat loss and climate change on the dynamics of tropical forests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical patterns and current and short‐term historical correlates of phylogenetic diversity and endemism for New World primates

Varzinczak

Zanata

Moura

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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“…In many studies [12,45], species richness has been found to be strongly correlated with phylogenetic diversity (PD), and has therefore been suggested as a suitable proxy for ALD [46]. Our study suggests that, at least for tree assemblages in the contiguous US, this is not the case.…”

Section: Taxonomic Measures Of Lineage Diversitymentioning

confidence: 59%

Exploring the Concept of Lineage Diversity across North American Forests

Dexter

Cortés

Griffiths

2019

Forests

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Lineage diversity can refer to the number of genetic lineages within species or to the number of deeper evolutionary lineages, such as genera or families, within a community or assemblage of species. Here, we study the latter, which we refer to as assemblage lineage diversity (ALD), focusing in particular on its richness dimension. ALD is of interest to ecologists, evolutionary biologists, biogeographers, and those setting conservation priorities, but despite its relevance, it is not clear how to best quantify it. With North American tree assemblages as an example, we explore and compare different metrics that can quantify ALD. We show that both taxonomic measures (e.g., family richness) and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) are strongly correlated with the number of lineages in recent evolutionary time, but have weaker correlations with the number of lineages deeper in the evolutionary history of an assemblage. We develop a new metric, time integrated lineage diversity (TILD), which serves as a useful complement to PD, by giving equal weight to old and recent lineage diversity. In mapping different ALD metrics across the contiguous United States, both PD and TILD reveal high ALD across large areas of the eastern United States, but TILD gives greater value to the southeast Coastal Plain, southern Rocky Mountains and Pacific Northwest, while PD gives relatively greater value to the southern Appalachians and Midwest. Our results demonstrate the value of using multiple metrics to quantify ALD, in order to highlight areas of both recent and older evolutionary diversity.

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“…Our analyses match the scale and boundaries of these decision-making units, thereby harmonizing these data to existing management infrastructure. This scale of analyses differs from some common, "ecoregional" approaches used in surrogate species analyses, which may well match ecological process and biogeographic patterns of diversity, but may not align with the decision-making unit of the agencies responsible for implementing conservation actions (Coristine et al 2018(Coristine et al , 2019Rapacciuolo et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This meant that we could not prioritize certain interactions, such as mutualistic relationships or trophic cascades, that may be relevant for ecosystem-level conservation (Ritchie and Johnson 2009;Harvey et al 2017). Third, there is a need to develop surrogacy measures that address the co-occurrence of species and the contributions of habitat types to species diversity (Rapacciuolo et al 2018). A logical next step in this field is to quantify surrogacy of fitness or population density, rather than occurrence per se.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating policy-relevant surrogate taxa for biodiversity conservation: a case study from British Columbia, Canada

Falconer

Ford

2020

Can. J. Zool.

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Conservation efforts often lead to a small proportion of species receiving a disproportionate amount of attention. This bias in funding may help or hinder broader goals of biodiversity conservation depending on the surrogacy value of the well-funded species. Surrogate species are selected to represent other taxa in a shared environment when it would be costly or impractical to obtain information on individual taxa. We compared the surrogacy value of common groups of taxa implicated in conservation — game species, carnivores, non-game species, and other species. Using a publicly available data set of species–habitat associations, we compared the surrogacy value for 1012 species and 64 habitat types in British Columbia, Canada. We used a conditional entropy metric to quantify pairwise associations between species via their occurrence in different habitat types. Our analysis reveals that game and non-game species surrogacy groups do not significantly differ in either the frequency of captured pairwise associations or their coverage of species. These results suggest that funding game species conservation is likely conferring some benefits to non-game species, but optimal habitat-based conservation outcomes will come from a combination of taxa. This analysis provides an important step in influencing management decisions for the preservation of biodiversity in British Columbia.

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Species diversity as a surrogate for conservation of phylogenetic and functional diversity in terrestrial vertebrates across the Americas

Cited by 53 publications

References 53 publications

Geographical patterns and current and short‐term historical correlates of phylogenetic diversity and endemism for New World primates

Geographical patterns and current and short‐term historical correlates of phylogenetic diversity and endemism for New World primates

Exploring the Concept of Lineage Diversity across North American Forests

Evaluating policy-relevant surrogate taxa for biodiversity conservation: a case study from British Columbia, Canada

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