Species comparison of postnatal bone growth and development

Zoetis, Tracey; Tassinari, Melissa S.; Bagi, Cedo M.; Walthall, Karen; Hurtt, Mark E.

doi:10.1002/bdrb.10012

Cited by 150 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…Because M3 formation is initiated late during ontogeny, it is potentially under stronger influence of jaw expansion than the formation of M1 and M2 (Scheuer and Black 2000;Zoetis et al 2003).…”

Section: Developmental Defects Agenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Due to the scarcity of the fossil record, in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of early Homo are typically documented at the level of individual fossil specimens, and it remains difficult to draw population-level inferences about dietary habits, diet-related activities and lifestyle from individual patterns of dentognathic alterations. The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, offers a unique opportunity to study in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of individuals belonging to a single paleodeme of early Homo. Materials and Methods: We analyze dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi sample, and in comparative samples of modern Australian and Greenlander hunter-gatherer populations, applying clinical protocols of dentognathic diagnostics. Results: The Dmanisi hominins exhibit a similarly wide diversity and similar incidence of dentognathic pathologies as the modern human hunter-gatherer population samples investigated here. Dmanisi differs from the modern population samples in several respects: At young age tooth wear is already advanced, and pathologies are more prevalent. At old age, hypercementosis is substantial. Discussion: Results indicate that dentognathic pathologies and disease trajectories are largely similar in early Homo and modern humans, but that the disease load was higher in early Homo, probably as an effect of higher overall stress on the dentognathic system. Key words: aging, tooth wear, caries, periodontitisThe Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi has yielded a large sample of hominin fossils associated with abundant and diverse faunal remains and Mode I stone artifacts (Gabunia et al. 2001;Ferring et al. 2011;Mgeladze et al. 2011). Occupation of the site began shortly after 1.85 Ma. The fossil hominin finds are dated to 1.77 Ma (Ferring et al. 2011). Dmanisi thus represents the earliest evidence of Homo outside of Africa. The well-preserved cranial, mandibular and postcranial remains of five individuals are unique in offering detailed insights into patterns of morphological variation within a paleodeme of early Homo, and into patterns of growth and aging Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). The craniomandibular morphology of the Dmanisi paleodeme has been described previously (Gabunia and Vekua 1995;Gabunia et al. 2000;Gabunia et al. 2001;Gabounia et al. 2002;Lordkipanidze et al. 2005;Lordkipanidze et al. 2006;Rightmire et al. 2006;Rightmire and Lordkipanidze 2010;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013). Cranial and mandibular morphological variation within the Dmanisi paleodeme is wide, but well within the range of variation seen in modern humans populations, and in populations of chimpanzee subspecies (Skinner et al. 2006;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). Variation in size, shape and dentognathic features among the Dmanisi mandibles has received special attention and has been studied to address questions of phylogeny, taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, die...

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Section: Developmental Defects Agenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…15,53,84 Human remodeling rates range from 10% to 55% (average wholebody trabecular bone turnover per year 64 ), with age-associated cortical bone loss occurring primarily at the endocortical endosteum. 10 Bone adjacent to red marrow generally has higher rates of remodeling (eg, 10%-15% per year in ilium trabecular bone) compared with sites adjacent to yellow (fatty) marrow.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Evaluation of Bone Implants and Devices

Wancket

2015

Vet Pathol

166

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Bone implants and devices are a rapidly growing field within biomedical research, and implants have the potential to significantly improve human and animal health. Animal models play a key role in initial product development and are important components of nonclinical data included in applications for regulatory approval. Pathologists are increasingly being asked to evaluate these models at the initial developmental and nonclinical biocompatibility testing stages, and it is important to understand the relative merits and deficiencies of various species when evaluating a new material or device. This article summarizes characteristics of the most commonly used species in studies of bone implant materials, including detailed information about the relevance of a particular model to human bone physiology and pathology. Species reviewed include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, sheep, goats, and nonhuman primates. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of different model species will aid in rigorously evaluating a novel bone implant material or device.

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“…Temperature exposure occurred continuously over an eight-week period of postnatal development that began at 3.5 weeks of age after weaning and continued until 11.5 weeks age when the mice approximated skeletal maturity (Zoetis et al, 2003). Following methods described by Al-Hilli and Wright (1983), experiments were not started prior to weaning because: (1) individually caged mice do not survive temperature extremes at an earlier age, (2) mice kept with their mother and littermates still do not do well at temperature extremes as late as 12 days after birth, and (3) even when found to survive at an older age when kept with their mother and littermates, the high temperature of the nest prevents exposure to the intended experimental temperatures.…”

Section: Treatment Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a general note on rodent life history, laboratory mice are typically weaned between 3 and 4 weeks of age, reach sexual maturity around 8 weeks, and are commonly considered adult and skeletally mature by approximately 12 weeks (Kilborn et al, 2002;Zoetis et al, 2003;Hedrich and Bullock, 2004). The mice used here were observed during the characteristic period of rapid growth between weaning and adulthood.…”

Section: Treatment Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allen's Rule Revisited: Temperature Influences Bone Elongation During a Critical Period of Postnatal Development

Serrat

2013

The Anatomical Record

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Limbs of animals raised at warm ambient temperature are significantly and permanently longer than those of siblings housed in the cold. These highly reproducible lab results closely parallel the ecogeographical tenet described by Allen's extremity size rule, which states that appendage length correlates with temperature and latitude. It is unclear what mechanisms underlie these differences and in what pattern they emerge, since the morphology is traditionally thought to reflect naturally selected genomic adaptations for thermoregulation. This study tests the a posteriori hypothesis that adult extremity length is subject to substantial modification by temperature during a brief but critical period of early postnatal development. Weanling mice (N 5 28) were divided into three groups and housed at 7 C, 21 C, or 27 C for eight weeks. Tail lengths and body mass were measured weekly. Mass did not differ at any age. Analysis of tail elongation curves revealed two distinct phases: an initial period of rapid temperature-sensitive growth in which elongation rate was directly impacted by temperature; and a second phase of continued growth in which rates were identical among groups. Comparable growth reactions occur in response to other environmental variables such as exercise, suggesting that the skeleton is most responsive to external stimuli during a window of heightened sensitivity when growth occurs most rapidly. Knowledge of the timing and degree to which growth plasticity permits mammals to immediately adjust to novel temperature conditions will be important for analyzing skeletal variation in fluctuating climates, particularly for assessing factors that may accelerate skeletal evolution at temperature extremes. Anat Rec, 296:1534Rec, 296: -1545

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Species comparison of postnatal bone growth and development

Cited by 150 publications

References 70 publications

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Animal Models for Evaluation of Bone Implants and Devices

Allen's Rule Revisited: Temperature Influences Bone Elongation During a Critical Period of Postnatal Development

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