Specialization and evolution of endogenous small RNA pathways

Chapman, Elisabeth J.; Carrington, James C.

doi:10.1038/nrg2179

Cited by 637 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…One could even imagine its sequence drifting further and becoming gradually transformed into a miRNA gene, the sequence of which is much less similar to the gene encoding its target mRNA. So pseudogenes encoding endo-siRNAs might provide a crucial intermediate link to understanding the evolution of miRNA-mediated regulation 17 . Although speculative, the plausibility of this theory is bolstered by a recent survey 18 of the genomic context of more than 300 human miRNA loci, which identified two that lie within pseudogenes.…”

Section: Rs and Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein fossils live on as RNA

Sasidharan¹,

Gerstein²

2008

Nature

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Section: Rs and Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein fossils live on as RNA

Sasidharan¹,

Gerstein²

2008

Nature

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“…Whatever the way they are generated, siRNA are recognized by a specific multi-enzyme complex (RISC), that uses the antisense strand as a guide to recognize a specific target mRNA. If the guiding strand and the targeted sequence are fully anti-complementary, cleavage and degradation of the mRNA usually occur while the presence of mismatch at defined positions can lead to inhibition of translation rather than degradation (for extensive reviews see [105][106][107][108]). …”

Section: Why To Choose Sirna Silencing Of Mmp-12?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix metalloproteinase 12 silencing: A therapeutic approach to treat pathological lung tissue remodeling?

Garbacki¹,

Valentin²,

Piette³

et al. 2009

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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“…The low sequence similarity (72.9%) between these two transcripts may generate insufficient quantities of secondary siRNAs [22] to trigger FAD2-2 transcript degradation as well. The level of oleic acid accumulation was inversely proportional to the FAD2-1 transcript level, suggesting that FAD2-1 is the major enzyme responsible for converting oleate to linoleate in both vegetative organs and seeds of Jatropha .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of marker-free transgenic Jatrophaplants with increased levels of seed oleic acid

Mao

Chen

et al. 2012

Biotechnol Biofuels

117

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BackgroundJatropha curcas is recognized as a new energy crop due to the presence of the high amount of oil in its seeds that can be converted into biodiesel. The quality and performance of the biodiesel depends on the chemical composition of the fatty acids present in the oil. The fatty acids profile of the oil has a direct impact on ignition quality, heat of combustion and oxidative stability. An ideal biodiesel composition should have more monounsaturated fatty acids and less polyunsaturated acids. Jatropha seed oil contains 30% to 50% polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid) which negatively impacts the oxidative stability and causes high rate of nitrogen oxides emission.ResultsThe enzyme 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine delta 12-desaturase (FAD2) is the key enzyme responsible for the production of linoleic acid in plants. We identified three putative delta 12 fatty acid desaturase genes in Jatropha (JcFAD2s) through genome-wide analysis and downregulated the expression of one of these genes, JcFAD2-1, in a seed-specific manner by RNA interference technology. The resulting JcFAD2-1 RNA interference transgenic plants showed a dramatic increase of oleic acid (> 78%) and a corresponding reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids (< 3%) in its seed oil. The control Jatropha had around 37% oleic acid and 41% polyunsaturated fatty acids. This indicates that FAD2-1 is the major enzyme responsible for converting oleic acid to linoleic acid in Jatropha. Due to the changes in the fatty acids profile, the oil of the JcFAD2-1 RNA interference seed was estimated to yield a cetane number as high as 60.2, which is similar to the required cetane number for conventional premium diesel fuels (60) in Europe. The presence of high seed oleic acid did not have a negative impact on other Jatropha agronomic traits based on our preliminary data of the original plants under greenhouse conditions. Further, we developed a marker-free system to generate the transgenic Jatropha that will help reduce public concerns for environmental issues surrounding genetically modified plants.ConclusionIn this study we produced seed-specific JcFAD2-1 RNA interference transgenic Jatropha without a selectable marker. We successfully increased the proportion of oleic acid versus linoleic in Jatropha through genetic engineering, enhancing the quality of its oil.

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Specialization and evolution of endogenous small RNA pathways

Cited by 637 publications

References 177 publications

Protein fossils live on as RNA

Protein fossils live on as RNA

Matrix metalloproteinase 12 silencing: A therapeutic approach to treat pathological lung tissue remodeling?

Development of marker-free transgenic Jatrophaplants with increased levels of seed oleic acid

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