Specialising the parasite nucleus: Pores, lamins, chromatin, and diversity

Rout, Michael P.; Obado, Samson O.; Schenkman, Sérgio; Field, Mark C.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006170

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…There are differences noted in some of these DNA synthetic mechanisms, mostly as the result of gene loss [ 9 , 10 ]. The apicomplexans have conserved the kinetochore proteins and the histone CenH3 that specifically binds centromeres [ 12 ]. Thus, chromosome spindle attachment mechanisms in Toxoplasma also belong in the ‘old’ category.…”

Section: Ancestral Innovations Provide the Structural Foundation Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

White

Suvorova

2018

Trends in Parasitology

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Increased parasite burden is linked to the severity of clinical disease caused by Apicomplexa parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium spp, and Cryptosporidium. Pathogenesis of apicomplexan infections is greatly affected by the growth rate of the parasite asexual stages. This review discusses recent advances in deciphering the mitotic structures and cell cycle regulatory factors required by Apicomplexa parasites to replicate. As the molecular details become clearer, it is evident that the highly unconventional cell cycles of these parasites is a blending of many ancient and borrowed elements, which were then adapted to enable apicomplexan proliferation in a wide variety of different animal hosts.

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Section: Ancestral Innovations Provide the Structural Foundation Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

White

Suvorova

2018

Trends in Parasitology

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“…In general, studies on nuclear biology of trypanosomatids have shown that key pathways present great adaptions. For example, there is considerable diversity in transcriptional control and genome segregation systems [ 88 ]. Therefore, parasites such as Trypanosoma or Apicomplexa, may also have a divergent mRNA export pathway that have undergone adaptations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA export in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii: emerging divergent components of a crucial pathway

2018

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Control of gene expression is crucial for parasite survival and is the result of a series of processes that are regulated to permit fine-tuning of gene expression in response to biological changes during the life-cycle of apicomplexan parasites. Control of mRNA nuclear export is a key process in eukaryotic cells but is poorly understood in apicomplexan parasites. Here, we review recent knowledge regarding this process with an emphasis on T. gondii. We describe the presence of divergent orthologs and discuss structural and functional differences in export factors between apicomplexans and other eukaryotic lineages. Undoubtedly, the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in high throughput screenings associated with the discovery of mRNA nuclear export complexes by proteomic analysis will contribute to identify these divergent factors. Ligand-based or structure-based strategies may be applied to investigate the potential use of these proteins as targets for new antiprotozoal agents.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2648-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, although the proteins and complexes are rather conserved, their arrangements can differ substantially between cells in the same organism or even within the same cell type at the single cell level (Ori et al ., 2013). Specifically, how the NPC connects with the lamina and mRNA transport is likely to be highly divergent between different lineages (Rout et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Nuclear Compartmentalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nuclear enterprise: zooming in on nuclear organization and gene expression control in the African trypanosome

Faria

2021

Parasitology

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African trypanosomes are early divergent protozoan parasites responsible for high mortality and morbidity as well as a great economic burden among the world's poorest populations. Trypanosomes undergo antigenic variation in their mammalian hosts, a highly sophisticated immune evasion mechanism. Their nuclear organization and mechanisms for gene expression control present several conventional features but also a number of striking differences to the mammalian counterparts. Some of these unorthodox characteristics, such as lack of controlled transcription initiation or enhancer sequences, render their monogenic antigen transcription, which is critical for successful antigenic variation, even more enigmatic. Recent technological developments have advanced our understanding of nuclear organization and gene expression control in trypanosomes, opening novel research avenues. This review is focused on Trypanosoma brucei nuclear organization and how it impacts gene expression, with an emphasis on antigen expression. It highlights several dedicated sub-nuclear bodies that compartmentalize specific functions, whilst outlining similarities and differences to more complex eukaryotes. Notably, understanding the mechanisms underpinning antigen as well as general gene expression control is of great importance, as it might help designing effective control strategies against these organisms.

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Specialising the parasite nucleus: Pores, lamins, chromatin, and diversity

Cited by 12 publications

References 104 publications

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

Apicomplexa Cell Cycles: Something Old, Borrowed, Lost, and New

mRNA export in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii: emerging divergent components of a crucial pathway

A nuclear enterprise: zooming in on nuclear organization and gene expression control in the African trypanosome

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