Special bioactive compounds and functional foods may exhibit neuroprotective effects in patients with dementia (Review)

Abstract

Dementia is a failure of cognitive ability characterized by severe neurodegeneration in select neural systems, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease. Although numerous studies have provided insights into the pathogenesis of AD, the underlying signaling and molecular pathways mediating the progressive decline of cognitive function remain poorly understood. Recent progress in molecular biology has provided an improved understanding of the importance of molecular pathogenesis of AD, and has proposed an association between DNA repair mechanisms and AD. In particular, the fundamental roles of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) tumor suppressors have been shown to regulate the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Consequently, onset of neurodegenerative diseases may be deferred with the use of dietary neuroprotective agents which alter the signaling mediated by the aforementioned tumor suppressors. In a healthy neuron, homeostasis of key intracellular molecules is of great importance, and preventing neuronal apoptosis is one of the primary goals of treatments designed for dementia-associated diseases. In the present review, progress into the understanding of dietary regulation for preventing or limiting development of dementia is discussed with a focus on the modulatory roles of PTEN and BRCA1 signaling.

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“…Mining publicly available data revealed that these genes are altered at very low frequency (<2%) in primary human CRC ( Table 1 ). DSS iEGFR colonoids were enriched for a mutation in Ninein ( Table 1 ), a gene involved in centrosomal biology and mitotic fidelity [41] ; in addition, a Ninein polymorphism has also been recently associated with increased CRC risk [42] . DSS colonoids did not accumulate coding mutations compared to control colonoids (36 predicted high-impact coding mutations in DSS colonoids compared to 41 in WT colonoids, with 35 shared between the lines).…”

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