Spatiotemporal Distribution of Landslides in Nepal

Adhikari, Basanta Raj; Tian, Bingwei

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61278-8_20

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Comparison of the results with landslide impacts also depends critically on the availability of consistent, reliable and widespread impact data. In Nepal, recent efforts to institutionalize the systematic capture of hazard impact data have made progress (Neupane, 2020), and offer some insight into the nature of landslide impacts (Adhikari & Tian, 2021). However, these records remain temporally short, have low spatial resolution (e.g., ward or municipal level location information at best), and are inevitably associated with only observed impactful events rather than all landslides (Stanley & Kirschbaum, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National‐Scale Rainfall‐Triggered Landslide Susceptibility and Exposure in Nepal

Kincey,

Rosser,

Swirad

et al. 2024

Earth's Future

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Nepal is one of the most landslide‐prone countries in the world, with year‐on‐year impacts resulting in loss of life and imposing a chronic impediment to sustainable livelihoods. Living with landslides is a daily reality for an increasing number of people, so establishing the nature of landslide hazard and risk is essential. Here we develop a model of landslide susceptibility for Nepal and use this to generate a nationwide geographical profile of exposure to rainfall‐triggered landslides. We model landslide susceptibility using a fuzzy overlay approach based on freely‐available topographic data, trained on an inventory of mapped landslides, and combine this with high resolution population and building data to describe the spatial distribution of exposure to landslides. We find that whilst landslide susceptibility is highest in the High Himalaya, exposure is highest within the Middle Hills, but this is highly spatially variable and skewed to on average relatively low values. Around 4 × 106 Nepalis (∼15% of the population) live in areas considered to be at moderate or higher degree of exposure to landsliding (>0.25 of the maximum), and critically this number is highly sensitive to even small variations in landslide susceptibility. Our results show a complex relationship between landslides and buildings, that implies wider complexity in the association between physical exposure to landslides and poverty. This analysis for the first time brings into focus the geography of the landslide exposure and risk case load in Nepal, and demonstrates limitations of assessing future risk based on limited records of previous events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National‐Scale Rainfall‐Triggered Landslide Susceptibility and Exposure in Nepal

Kincey,

Rosser,

Swirad

et al. 2024

Earth's Future

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“…In addition to the specific features of the community, the nature of the crisis also has an impact on the resilience of the territorial community, which requires the use of certain resources and the activation of social links at different levels. Most studies on the resilience of territorial communities address natural disasters (Adhikari et al, 2021), climate change (World Bank, 2023), economic crises (Skerratt, 2013;McManus et al, 2012), refugee crises in host communities (UNDP, 2018; Revel et al, 2018), pandemic and its impact (Shen et al, 2023), a wide range of crises with different causes and forms of manifestation. The determinants of the resilience of territorial communities include physical components, such as local resources (infrastructure, financial resources, accessibility of social services, and conditions of their provision).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of territorial communities amid the war against Ukraine: The role of budgetary instruments

Voznyak,

Patytska,

Mulska

et al. 2024

Public and Municipal Finance

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Russia’s war against Ukraine has exacerbated challenges and risks to community development. Improving the ability to withstand the shocks of the external and internal environment, adapt to changes in the security environment, respond to threats, maintain sustainable functioning, and recover to the desired equilibrium will contribute to strengthening the resilience of communities. Budgetary instruments are crucial for ensuring the resilience of communities in such conditions. This study aims to identify the impact of budgetary instruments on ensuring the resilience of territorial communities amid the war in Ukraine (the case of Lviv oblast). The methods include a systemic and structural approach (building an information and analytical model of resilience research) and indicative and GAP analysis (identifying the impact of budgetary instruments on community resilience, in particular, local taxes, transfers, and personal income tax (PIT)). The data of 73 communities in Lviv oblast for 2021–2023 were collected. The study shows that the resilience of the territorial communities of Lviv oblast during the study period was at a moderate and above-moderate level; most were in the zones of resistance (resilience indicators ranging from 0.43-0.65) and decreasing resilience (0.42-0.20); the resilience of 8% was at a critically low level (2022–2023). The results estimate that the resilience of 90% communities in 2024 will not change significantly if military PIT is redirected from local to state budgets, except for those communities whose resilience is highly dependent on the amount of military PIT (the decrease in resilience will range from 12.5 to 4.2 percentage points).

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“…Landslides are a common hazard in Nepal, causing widespread loss of life, population displacement, and damage to infrastructure (Adhikari and Tian, 2021;Amatya et al, 2019;Bhandary et al, 2013;Petley et al, 2007). In October 2022, 51 people lost their lives and 778 were affected by landslides across the country, making up almost half of the year's total landslide fatalities (NSET, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of post-monsoon drying in Nepal: implications for landslide hazard

Van Wyk de Vries,

Li,

Arrell

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Soil moisture is a key preconditioning factor influencing hillslope stability and the initiation of landslides. Direct measurements of soil moisture on a large scale are logistically complicated, expensive, and therefore sparse, resulting in large data gaps. In this study, we calibrate a numerical land surface model to improve our representation of post-monsoon soil drying in landslide-prone Nepal. We use a parameter perturbation experiment to identify optimal parameter sets at three field monitoring sites and evaluate the performance of those optimal parameter sets at each location. This process enables the calibration of key soil hydraulic parameters, in particular a higher hydraulic conductivity and a lower saturation moisture content relative to the default parameter setting. Runs with the calibrated model parameters provide a substantially more accurate (50 % or greater reduction in root mean squared error) soil moisture record than those with the default model parameters, even when calibrated from sites as much as 250 km apart. This process enables meaningful calculation of post-monsoon soil moisture decay at locations with no in situ monitoring, so as to inform a key component of landslide susceptibility mapping in Nepal and other regions where field measurements of soil moisture are limited.

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Spatiotemporal Distribution of Landslides in Nepal

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

National‐Scale Rainfall‐Triggered Landslide Susceptibility and Exposure in Nepal

National‐Scale Rainfall‐Triggered Landslide Susceptibility and Exposure in Nepal

Resilience of territorial communities amid the war against Ukraine: The role of budgetary instruments

Modelling of post-monsoon drying in Nepal: implications for landslide hazard

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