2018
DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01935e
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Abstract: The use of liquid cell electron microscopy as a quantitative probe of nanomaterial structures and reactions requires an accurate understanding of how the sample is altered by the imaging electron beam. In particular, changes in the chemical environment due to beam-induced radiolysis can strongly affect processes such as solution-phase nanocrystal synthesis or electrochemical deposition. It is generally assumed that beam effects are uniform throughout the irradiated liquid. Here we show that for a liquid cell f… Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(54 citation statements)
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“…Within a liquid cell, charge can build up on the insulating SiN membranes. And such surface charge is worsened by a local enhancement of electron dose formed at the solid-liquid interface which acts as secondary electron source due to scattering [100]. Such surface charge not only interferes with the incoming beam, it can also induce unwanted particle movement within liquid due to repulsion [114].…”
Section: Electron Beam Damagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Within a liquid cell, charge can build up on the insulating SiN membranes. And such surface charge is worsened by a local enhancement of electron dose formed at the solid-liquid interface which acts as secondary electron source due to scattering [100]. Such surface charge not only interferes with the incoming beam, it can also induce unwanted particle movement within liquid due to repulsion [114].…”
Section: Electron Beam Damagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…These cells had been cultured in media which had been supplemented with 50 µM AuCl. As others have postulated that metals present in liquid or frozen media could act as scattering centers that might locally increase electron beam induced damage (33,34) we considered that the presence of the AuCl in the media may have caused the lower beam tolerance observed previously. We therefore repeated LC-TEM imaging with and without the presence of gold chloride in the media to determine if the presence of low concentrations of heavy metals in solution can noticeably accelerate secondary damage.…”
Section: Comparison Of Damage Between Cryo-em and Liquid-emmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…40 We postulate that the conformal Au coating on the lipid bilayer ( Figure 1f) forms a Au cast of the soft liposome template, which helps the nanocapsule retain its geometry and cargo despite radiolysis and knock-on damage to the underlying lipid bilayer under high electron dose rates. This 2-4 nm Au coating is thin enough to limit the generation of secondary electrons such that the theoretically predicted enhancement of reactive radiolysis products near the Au-water interface 56 may be relatively minor. The conductive carbon membrane windows of the liquid cell can also reduce beam damage 57,58 to the liposomes by reducing electrostatic charging effects, minimizing secondary electron yield, 56 and actively scavenging radicals formed by radiolysis of water.…”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This 2-4 nm Au coating is thin enough to limit the generation of secondary electrons such that the theoretically predicted enhancement of reactive radiolysis products near the Au-water interface 56 may be relatively minor. The conductive carbon membrane windows of the liquid cell can also reduce beam damage 57,58 to the liposomes by reducing electrostatic charging effects, minimizing secondary electron yield, 56 and actively scavenging radicals formed by radiolysis of water. 59,60 Further studies on the stability of nanocapsules may shed light on the interaction between the Au coating and the lipid bilayer and their response to high electron beam (e-beam) dose rates.…”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%