Spatial Nonreciprocal Transmission and Optical Bistability Based on Millimeter‐Scale Suspended Metasurface

Abstract

light-matter momentum interaction, and they have been widely explored for optical tweezing, binding, and actuation. [6][7][8][9] Based on the optomechanical system, optical nonreciprocity and bistability have been studied theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. For optomechanically induced nonreciprocity, [10] it has been experimentally realized via micromechanical oscillators [11,12] and microcavities such as microspheres, [13,14] microtoroids, [15,16] and photonic crystal cavities. [17] The microto nano-meter scale sizes and femtogramscale effective masses of these structures lead to their significant responses to optical forces. However, the optical forceinduced mechanical responses are generally trivial for optical structures at millimeter scale or beyond, making it difficult to experimentally realize optical nonreciprocity via macroscopic optomechanical systems. For optical bistability, [18] although

A Review on Reconfigurable Metalenses Revolutionizing Flat Optics

“…[104] In another breakthrough, an experimental exploration unveiled a suspended silicon carbide (SiC) MS, pulsating with multimode vibrational resonances. [105] Most recently, a groundbreaking experiment demonstrated nonreciprocal transmission and optical bistability at low power densities (≈10 W cm −2 ) within a free-standing Si 3 N 4 membrane-based MS. [102] These collective observations collectively underscore OM control as a highly promising avenue for crafting compact, swiftly responsive, and energy-efficient tunable MLs.…”

“…Even the slightest of deformations wield considerable influence, dramatically altering the phase delay imposed on incident light. [101] Initially conceived as a theoretical framework, [102] the concept of optomechanical (OM) MSs introduces a realm of possibilities encompassing substantial nonlinearity, optical bi-stability, and asymmetrical light propagation. Soon after its theoretical inception, the experimental realm validated this concept, demonstrating the capacity for optomechanically induced modulation of light transmission through MSs.…”

Cavity Optomechanical Bistability with an Ultrahigh Reflectivity Photonic Crystal Membrane

“…[33] Despite the numerous proposals for experiments and applications, very few other optomechanical systems exhibiting radiation-pressure induced bistability or multistability have been reported. [34][35][36][37][38] In some cases, reports of bistability have involved photothermal mechanisms including expansion of the mirror coatings [39,40] and circulating optical powers of several kilowatts. [41] Here, the low mass and high reflectivity of our PhC membrane enable an optomechanical cavity with a fundamental mechanical frequency of 426 kHz in which hysteresis induced by bistability is easily seen with incident optical powers below 500 μW.…”

Ultrathin Tunable Optomechanical Metalens

“…40 More recently, an experimental demonstration of nonreciprocal transmission and optical bistability at low intensity (∼10 W/cm 2 ) in a free-standing Si 3 N 4 membranebased metasurface was presented. 41 These observations suggest optomechanical control as a promising approach toward compact, fast, and low-power tunable metalenses.…”