Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Rodents during the Epizootic and Enzootic Periods of Plague, with a Focus on Exu, Northeastern Brazil

Fernandes, Diego Leandro Reis da Silva; Bezerra, Matheus Filgueira; Duarte, Bruna Mendes; Silva, Mayara Paes de França; Souza, Hadassa de Almeida; Gomes, Elainne Christine de Souza; Almeida, Alzira Maria Paiva de

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6040195

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“…From these, 30 samples were animals captured in plague foci areas in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco during surveillance routine in 2019 and 2020 (all tested negative in both HA-HI and ELISA). The collection of the rodents was performed as described [ 26 ]. The other 36 samples were obtained from experimental subjects, including 20 M .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a multi-species Protein A-ELISA assay for plague serologic diagnosis in humans and other mammal hosts

et al. 2022

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Background The Hemagglutination assay (HA) is widely used in plague diagnosis, however, it has a subjective interpretation and demands high amounts of antigen and other immunobiological supplies. On the other hand, the conventional Anti-IgG ELISA is limited by the need of specific conjugates for multiple plague hosts, which leaves a gap for new diagnostic methods able to cover both the diagnosis of human cases and the epidemiological surveillance of multiple sentinel species. Methods We developed an ELISA Protein A-peroxidase method to detect anti-F1 antibodies across several species, including humans. To determine the cut-off and performance rates, HA results from 288 samples (81 rabbits, 64 humans, 66 rodents and 77 dogs) were used as reference. Next, we evaluated the agreement between Protein A-ELISA and Anti-IgG ELISA in an expanded sample set (n = 487). Results Optimal conditions were found with 250ng/well of F1 and 1:500 serum dilution. Protein A-ELISA showed high repeatability and reproducibility. We observed good correlation rates between the Protein A and IgG ELISAs optical densities and a higher positive/negative OD ratio for the Protein A-ELISA method. The overall sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve for Protein A-ELISA were 94%, 99% and 0.99, respectively. Similar results were observed for each species separately. In the analysis of the expanded sample set, there was a strong agreement between Protein A and IgG assays (kappa = 0.97). Furthermore, there was no cross-reaction with other common infectious diseases, such as dengue, Zika, Chagas disease, tuberculosis (humans) and ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and leishmaniasis (dogs). Conclusions Altogether, the Protein A-ELISA showed high performance when compared both to HA and Anti-IgG ELISA, with a polyvalent single protocol that requires reduced amounts of antigen and can be employed to any plague hosts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%