Spanish Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: case–control EpiGEICAM study

Abstract

Background:Although there are solid findings regarding the detrimental effect of alcohol consumption, the existing evidence on the effect of other dietary factors on breast cancer (BC) risk is inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and risk of BC in Spanish women, stratifying by menopausal status and tumour subtype, and to compare the results with those of Alternate Healthy Index (AHEI) and Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED).Methods:We recruited 1017 incident BC cases and 1017 matched healthy controls of similar age (±5 years) without a history of BC. The association between ‘a priori' and ‘a posteriori' developed dietary patterns and BC in general and according to menopausal status and intrinsic tumour subtypes (ER+/PR+ and HER2− HER2+ and ER−/PR− and HER2−) was evaluated using logistic and multinomial regression models.Results:Adherence to the Western dietary pattern was related to higher risk of BC (OR for the top vs the bottom quartile 1.46 (95% CI 1.06–2.01)), especially in premenopausal women (OR=1.75; 95% CI 1.14–2.67). In contrast, the Mediterranean pattern was related to a lower risk (OR for the top quartile vs the bottom quartile 0.56 (95% CI 0.40–0.79)). Although the deleterious effect of the Western pattern was similarly observed in all tumour subtypes, the protective effect of our Mediterranean pattern was stronger for triple-negative tumours (OR=0.32; 95% CI 0.15–0.66 and Pheterogeneity=0.04). No association was found between adherence to the Prudent pattern and BC risk. The associations between ‘a priori' indices and BC risk were less marked (OR for the top vs the bottom quartile of AHEI=0.69; 95% CI 0.51–0.94 and aMED=0.74; 95% CI 0.46–1.18)).Conclusions:Our results confirm the harmful effect of a Western diet on BC risk, and add new evidence on the benefits of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, oily fish and vegetable oils for preventing all BC subtypes, and particularly triple-negative tumours.

Dietary patterns and breast or lung cancer risk: A pooled analysis of 2 case-control studies in north-eastern Poland

“…In some studies, there was no association found between breast cancer risk and the 'Cereals/Milk/Dairy' DP, 'Vegetable' DP and 'Prudent' DP rich in low-fat dairy products, juices, whole grains, vegetables and fruit. 13,20,21 The differences in these associations could result from differences in the study designs, study populations, secular trends in food supply or different definitions of 'Prudent/Healthy' diet and characteristics for their foods. 19 In these studies, the 'Processed & fast food' DP was characterized by a higher frequency of consumption of alcoholic drinks and processed food such as fast food, instant soups and canned goods, which increased the risk of breast or lung cancers almost 2 times, but this relation was weaker and disappeared after the adjustment for many confounders.…”

Recent Progress in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Research

“…Diet can also be a risk factor for many chronic diseases, and some food intake and dietary habits are considered as a high risk for cancer development (Castello´ et al, 2014). However, to our knowledge, there is no research study that supports the association between a specific diet and TNBC development.…”

“…Moreover, a high cholesterol diet has been shown to induce angiogenesis and accelerate mammary tumor growth in a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer (Castellō et al, 2014). Interestingly enough, Castellò et al have highlighted the benefits of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, oily fish and vegetable oils to prevente all BC subtypes, and particularly triple-negative tumors (Castello et al, 2014).…”

Supervised physical exercise improves VO2max, quality of life, and health in early stage breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial

“…The final session addressed the ten best (i.e., rich in antioxidants) and the ten worst (i.e., rich in animal fat) dietary components, which might prevent or promote cancer. The study dieticians 'recommended patients try to adopt the Mediterranean diet [15].…”