Space‐Confinement‐Induced Synthesis of Pyridinic‐ and Pyrrolic‐Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene for the Catalysis of Oxygen Reduction

Ding, Wei; Wei, Zidong; Chen, Siguo; Qi, Xueqiang; Yang, Tao; Hu, Jin‐Song; Wang, Dong; Li, Wan; Alvi, Shahnaz Fatima; Li, Li

doi:10.1002/ange.201303924

Cited by 239 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…That means carboxyl group could be kept in the protic environment (H 2 O) and hard to be retained in aprotic solution (DMF). The high-resolution N1s XPS spectra (Figure 2c, 2g and 2k) can be fitted into two Gaussian peaks at ,399.7 and 401.1 eV, which correspond to the pyrrolic N and quaternary N, respectively 18,31 . The relative amount of pyrrolic N increases and that of quaternary N decreases from N-GQDs-B, N-GQDs-G to N-GQDs-Y samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring color emissions from N-doped graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications

et al. 2015

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Unlike inorganic quantum dots, fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) display excitation-dependent multiple color emission. In this study, we report N-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) with tailored single color emission by tuning p-conjugation degree, which is comparable to the inorganic quantum dot. Starting from citric acid and diethylenetriamine, as prepared N-GQDs display blue, green, and yellow light emission by changing the reaction solvent from water, dimethylformamide (DMF), and solvent free. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra results clearly show the N-GQDs with blue emission (N-GQDs-B) have relatively short effective conjugation length and more carboxyl group because H 2 O is a polar protic solvent, which tends to donate proton to the reagent to depress the H 2 O elimination reaction. On the other hand, the polar aprotic solvent (DMF) cannot donate hydrogen, the elimination of H 2 O is promoted and more nitrogen units enter GQD framework. With the increase of effective p-conjugation length and N content, the emission band of N-GQDS red-shifts to green and yellow. We also demonstrate that N-GQDs could be a potential great biomarker for fluorescent bioimaging.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring color emissions from N-doped graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications

et al. 2015

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“…In fact, the type of heteroatom dopant is of vital importance in the performance enhancement for metal-free carbon catalysts. In particular, nitrogen can exist in many different forms in N-doped carbon catalysts, such as pyridine-like, pyrrole-like, graphitic nitrogen, and pyridine-N-oxide [3,90]. Therefore, the understanding of the effects of N-dopant chemical nature on electrocatalytic performance is of great importance.…”

Section: Heteroatom-dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N,S-co-doped CNTs (NS-CNTs) were also demonstrated to show enhanced ORR activity compared with CNTs, NCNTs, and SCNTs [150] with a much better durability than that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalysts. Other examples of metalfree electrocatalysts for ORR in acidic electrolytes include N-doped SWCNTs [145], vapor-phase-polymerized PEDOT [152], pyridinic and pyrrolic N-doped graphene prepared by confined polymerization/carbonization within layered montmorillonite [90], graphene/CNT layer-by-layer composites [153], and N,F-co-doped graphite nanofibers [154]. Using pyrolysis of sulfur-doped rGO in the presence of Nafion and dimethyl formamide at 600 °C, Pham et al [17] reported the synthesis and characterization of F,N,S-tri-doped reduced graphene oxide (F,N,S-rGO) in both acidic and alkaline PEFCs (Fig.…”

Section: Carbon-based Metal-free Orr Electrocatalysts For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Xiao

Zou

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

163

103

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Carbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong stability in acidic/alkaline conditions, and environmental friendliness. Because of these properties, these catalysts have recently received increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Subsequently, various carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed to replace noble metal catalysts for low-cost renewable generation and storage of clean energy and environmental protection through metal-free electrocatalysis. This article provides an up-to-date review of this rapidly developing field by critically assessing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding, structure design, and material/device fabrication of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion/storage and environmental protection, along with discussions on current challenges and perspectives. Graphical AbstractKeywords Metal-free electrocatalysis · Carbon-based catalysts · Energy conversion and storage · Environmental protection

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“…The combination of PANI's aromatic rings and the N-containing groups result in highly efficient ORR hybrid materials [63]. Recently, Cao et al [59] reported half-wave potential of 0.784 V vs. RHE and 23 h long-term stability, at mesoporous hybrid shell of carbonized polyaniline Mn 2 O 3 (C PANI /Mn 2 O 3 ) electrocatalyst.…”

Section: Hybrid (Metal Oxide-nitrogen-carbon) Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid materials have also been developed in order to improve the density of N-doped carbon electrocatalysts. The low density, observed in many N-doped carbons, leads to a thick electrode layer with reduced mass transfer ability [63,64]. By increasing the density of the carbon structure the volumetric ORR activity increases too.…”

Section: Hybrid (Metal Oxide-nitrogen-carbon) Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials

et al. 2016

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Low temperature fuel cells (LTFCs) are considered as clean energy conversion systems and expected to help address our society energy and environmental problems. Up-to-date, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the main hindering factors for the commercialization of LTFCs, because of its slow kinetics and high overpotential, causing major voltage loss and short-term stability. To provide enhanced activity and minimize loss, precious metal catalysts (containing expensive and scarcely available platinum) are used in abundance as cathode materials. Moreover, research is devoted to reduce the cost associated with Pt based cathode catalysts, by identifying and developing Pt-free alternatives. However, so far none of them has provided acceptable performance and durability with respect to Pt electrocatalysts. By adopting new preparation strategies and by enhancing and exploiting synergetic and multifunctional effects, some elements such as transition metals supported on highly porous carbons have exhibited reasonable electrocatalytic activity. This review mainly focuses on the very recent progress of novel carbon based materials for ORR, including: (i) development of three-dimensional structures; (ii) synthesis of novel hybrid (metal oxide-nitrogen-carbon) electrocatalysts; (iii) use of alternative raw precursors characterized from three-dimensional structure; and (iv) the co-doping methods adoption for novel metal-nitrogen-doped-carbon electrocatalysts. Among the examined materials, reduced graphene oxide-based hybrid electrocatalysts exhibit both excellent activity and long term stability.

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Space‐Confinement‐Induced Synthesis of Pyridinic‐ and Pyrrolic‐Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene for the Catalysis of Oxygen Reduction

Cited by 239 publications

References 45 publications

Tailoring color emissions from N-doped graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications

Tailoring color emissions from N-doped graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials

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