Soybean meal replaced by slow release urea in finishing diets for beef cattle

Benedeti, Pedro Del Bianco; Paulino, Pedro Veiga Rodrigues; Marcondes, Marcos Inácio; Filho, Sebastião de Campos Valadares; Martins, Tereza Silva; Lisboa, E.F.; Silva, L.H.P.; Teixeira, César Roberto Viana; Duarte, Márcio de Souza

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.027

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, the lower DMI could also be attributed to the greater amount of urea used in this treatment, which agrees with Benedeti et al . (), who observed a linear decline in DMI in Nellore cattle fed with SBM replaced with a non‐protein nitrogen source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Performance and carcass characteristics of young cattle fed with soybean meal treated with tannins

Mezzomo

Paulino²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2015

Anim Sci J

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with soybean meal treated with tannin (SBMT) on the intake, digestibility, performance and characteristics of the carcasses of young cattle fed a high-concentrate diet. Forty-two Nellore bulls with body weight of 244.5 ± 4.99 kg were used. Diets had the inclusion of 7.5% SBM, with a proportion of that SBM (0, 33, 66 or 100%) replaced for SBMT; and other treatment (SBMT + urea) just with 2.5% of SBM which was treated with tannins. Seven animals were randomly selected and slaughtered, and the remaining animals were distributed on treatments and remained for 112 days. After, all animals were slaughtered. There was a linear decline in dry matter intake (P = 0.026) when SBM was replaced with SBMT. No decrease in carcass weight (P > 0.05) was observed. The efficiency of carcass weight gain showed a quadratic function effect (P = 0.049). There were changes in carcass gain composition when SBMT was added (P < 0.05), with an increase in muscle and reduction in fat deposition. The use of SBMT in place of SBM causes changes in body gain composition in animals and reduces DM intake by the animals, achieving a better feed conversion efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Performance and carcass characteristics of young cattle fed with soybean meal treated with tannins

Mezzomo

Paulino²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2015

Anim Sci J

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“…Authors also suggested that feed grade urea could decrease DM intake when feeding at levels above 20 g/kg DM due to its low acceptability by cattle [23]. The results in literature with urea addition to ruminant diets are varying, whereas some authors reported decreased nutrient intake without differences on apparent digestibility [29], other authors observed no differences on DM intake and digestibility when feeding urea up to 19.5 g/kg DM to beef steers [24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expected that ammonia concentrations would increase when adding urea to the diets, because urea is rapidly degraded into ammonia in rumen and if it is not absorbed by epithelium or used to microbial protein synthesis, an increase of ruminal ammonia concentration may appear. Benedeti et al [29] also reported minimal differences of ruminal ammonia concentration in beef steers when replacing soybean meal by slow-release urea in a high concentrate diet. Animals fed the diets containing slow-release urea (SRA2 and SRB2) showed lower ammonia concentration in ruminal fluid compared to those fed feed grade urea, suggesting a decrease of urea hydrolysis in rumen or a greater nitrogen utilization by rumen microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polymer-coated slow-release urea on total tract apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation and performance of Nellore steers

Gardinal¹,

Calomeni²,

Cônsolo³

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveTwo experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of coated slow-release urea on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, blood glucose and urea concentration (Exp 1), and average daily gain (ADG; Exp 2) of steers.MethodsExp 1: Eight ruminally fistulated steers [503±28.5 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed into a d 4×4 Latin square design and assigned to treatments: control (CON), feed grade urea (U2), polymer-coated slow-release urea A (SRA2), and polymer-coated slow-release urea B (SRB2). Dietary urea sources were set at 20 g/kg DM. Exp 2: 84 steers (350.5±26.5 kg initial BW) were distributed to treatments: CON, FGU at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (U1 and U2, respectively), coated SRA2 at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (SRA1 and SRA2, respectively), and coated SRB at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (SRB1 and SRB2, respectively).ResultsExp 1: Urea treatments (U2+SRA2+SRB2) decreased (7.4%, p = 0.03) the DM intake and increased (11.4%, p<0.01) crude protein digestibility. Coated slow-release urea (SRA2+SRB2) showed similar nutrient digestibility compwared to feed grade urea (FGU). However, steers fed SRB2 had higher (p = 0.02) DM digestibility compared to those fed SRA2. Urea sources did not affect ruminal fermentation when compared to CON. Although, coated slow-release urea showed lower (p = 0.01) concentration of NH3-N (−10.4%) and acetate to propionate ratio than U2. Coated slow-release urea showed lower (p = 0.02) urinary N and blood urea concentration compared to FGU. Exp 2: Urea sources decreased (p = 0.01) the ADG in relation to CON. Animals fed urea sources at 10 g/kg DM showed higher (12.33%, p = 0.01) ADG compared to those fed urea at 20 g/kg DM.ConclusionFeeding urea decreased the nutrient intake without largely affected the nutrient digestibility. In addition, polymer-coated slow-release urea sources decreased ruminal ammonia concentration and increased ruminal propionate production. Urea at 20 g/kg DM, regardless of source, decreased ADG compared both to CON and diets with urea at 10 g/kg DM.

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“…Ureagelatin as SRU provides both nitrogen and energy from gelatin for microbial protein synthesis. The use of SRU in feed is evidenced to affect milk production and feed digestibility of dairy cattle (Sinclair et al, 2012) but does not affect digestibility and digestibility rate of beef cattle fed with low concentrate (Benedeti et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Slow Release Urea Supplementation of Sheep Protein Source Feed Protected with Condensed Tannin from Leucaena on Protein Degradation in Rumen and Post-rumen In Vitro

Rimbawanto

Suhermiyati

Hartoyo

2018

anprod

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The objectives of the research were to supply nitrogen for protein synthesis of ruminal microbe from slow release urea and to supply post-rumen protein from soybean meal protected with condensed tannin (CT) from crude Leucaena leaves extract. In Experiment 1, slow release urea (SRU) was made by extrusion of cassava waste-urea, tapioca meal-urea and cassava meal-urea. Evaluation of SRU properties was based on residual nitrogen concentration and ruminal fermentation products (total volatile fatty acid and ammonia-nitrogen) in vitro. In Experiment 2, soybean meal protected with CT from crude Leucaena leaves extract as much as 1,68 g tannin/100 g DM soybean meal. SRU that was selected from Experiment 1 was used as the supplement in sheep ration whose protein source was protected with CT. SRU supplement in basal rations was 0, 6.36, 12.75, 19.11% DM. In vitro result in Experiment 1, showed that SRU of cassava waste, tapioca meal and cassava meal were different (P<0,01) on residual nitrogen content, total VFA, ammonia-N, and fermentation time. The optimum SRU obtained from cassava waste by inhibiting nitrogen hydrolysis up to 14 h. In Experiment 2, SRU supplementation of cassava waste on basal ration whose protein source was protected with CT increased dry matter (DM) degradability (P<0,01), total VFA (P<0,01), ammonia-N (P<0,01), and did not affect crude protein (CP) ruminal degradation. Post-ruminal degradability of DM and CP increased (P<0.01) in line with the increasing supplement, and reached the optimum level at 12,75 – 19,11% DM. In conclusion, cassava waste was a potent SRU through extrusion process and could be harnessed as SRU supplement in ration with protein source protected with condensed tannin to improve ruminal microbe protein synthesis.

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Soybean meal replaced by slow release urea in finishing diets for beef cattle

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Performance and carcass characteristics of young cattle fed with soybean meal treated with tannins

Performance and carcass characteristics of young cattle fed with soybean meal treated with tannins

Influence of polymer-coated slow-release urea on total tract apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation and performance of Nellore steers

Effects of Slow Release Urea Supplementation of Sheep Protein Source Feed Protected with Condensed Tannin from Leucaena on Protein Degradation in Rumen and Post-rumen In Vitro

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