Soxhlet Extraction versus Hydrodistillation Using the Clevenger Apparatus: A Comparative Study on the Extraction of a Volatile Compound from Tamarindus indica Seeds

Abstract

The present study aims to compare two traditional extraction techniques. A volatile compound from Tamarindus indica seed was obtained with Soxhlet extraction (SE) and hydrodistillation using the Clevenger apparatus (HDC). The extraction yield and chemical composition of the essential oil samples were compared. Both oils extracted were analyzed with GC-MS, and forty-one chemical compounds were identified in essential oil components from SE while forty chemical compounds were found in the HDC-extracted oil sample. The major essential oil components present in both the SE and HDC method are cis-vaccenic acid, 2-methyltetracosane, beta-sitosterol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, and n-hexadecanoic acid in varying concentrations. Moreover, the essential oils obtained by both methods look similar quantitatively but differ qualitatively. The HDC method produced more oxygenated compounds that contribute to the fragrance of the oil. The major constituents observed in the essential oil extracted by SE methods include cis-vaccenic acid (17.6%), beta-sitosterol (12.71%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)- (11.82%), n-hexadecanoic acid (8.16%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (5.84%), oleic acid (4.54%), and 11-octadecenoic acid and methyl ester (3.94%). However, in the hydrodistillation technique, the oil was mostly composed of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)- (23.72%), cis-vaccenic acid (17.16%), n-hexadecanoic acid (11.53%), beta-sitosterol (4.53%), and octadecanoic acid (3.8%). From the data obtained, HDC seems to be a better method for extraction of Tamarindus indica essential oil compared to the Soxhlet extraction apparatus.

Indigenous Nigeria medicinal herbal remedies: A potential source for therapeutic against rheumatoid arthritis

“…231 Other relevant bioactive compounds predominant in T. indica include 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, n-Hexadecanoic acid, cis-Vaccenic acid, Benzene, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl, beta-Sitosterol, gamma-Tocopherol, Octadecanoic acid, Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl-, and Spiro[3.5] nona-5,7-dien-1-one, 5,9,9-trimet. 232 Available information in the pharmacopeia reveals that crude extract of T. indica possesses antiarthritic function in vivo. T. indica seed crude extract (50 mg/kg) reversed paw swelling/volume and reduced pannus formation in CFA-induced arthritis rats.…”

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“…It is commonly employed in various fields, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and food analysis, to separate and concentrate specific components from solid matrices. 118 In one study, Thamarai Selvi et al discovered that by subjecting 500 g of powdered CA to Soxhlet extraction for 8 hours, using an ethanol-to-solid ratio of 1 : 4, they obtained extracts that included saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenols. However, these extracts did not contain steroids, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, or glycosides.…”

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