Sources of Human Exposure

Nadal, Martí; Domingo, José L.

doi:10.1002/9781118679654.ch2

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…A summary of the different classes of EDCs is shown in Table 1. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are highly resistant to environmental degradation, with half-lives in the environment and living organisms in the range of several months to years [Nadal and Domingo, 2013]. POPs most routinely detected in environmental and thus human samples that are reported to have endocrine-disrupting properties include per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and organochlorine pesticides, among others.…”

Section: Classes Of Edcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disorders of Penile Development in Humans

Gaspari

Tessier

Paris

et al. 2021

Sex Dev

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This paper reviews the current knowledge on the environmental effects on penile development in humans. The specific focus is on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of natural or manmade substances that interfere with endocrine function, and whether they can induce hypospadias and micropenis in male neonates. Epidemiological data and animal observations first raised suspicions about environmental effects, leading to the testis dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis. More recent research has provided stronger indications that TDS may indeed be the result of the direct or indirect effects of EDCs. Drawing on epidemiological and toxicological studies, we also report on the effects of maternal diet and substances like pesticides, phthalates, bisphenol A, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Proximity to contamination hazards and occupational exposure are also suspected to contribute to the occurrence of hypospadias and micropenis. Lastly, the cumulative effects of EDCs and the possibility of transgenerational effects, with the penile development of subsequent generations being affected, raise concerns for long-term public health.

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Section: Classes Of Edcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disorders of Penile Development in Humans

Gaspari

Tessier

Paris

et al. 2021

Sex Dev

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“…Several routes of exposure to environmental contaminants are noted, such as through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact (dermal absorption) [1][2][3]. Nevertheless, available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for organic contaminants of concern [4,5]. Because children are still developing, their frequent hand-to-mouth behavior renders them more vulnerable and susceptible to toxic contaminants exposure through the ingestion of food, water, soil and dust from surrounding environments [1,2,[6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating non-targeted analysis methods for chemical characterization of organic contaminants in different matrices to estimate children’s exposure

Cui

Cox

Mejias

et al. 2023

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background Children are vulnerable to environmental exposure of contaminants due to their small size, lack of judgement skills, as well as their proximity to dust, soil, and other environmental sources. A better understanding about the types of contaminants that children are exposed to or how their bodies retain or process these compounds is needed. Objective In this study, we have implemented and optimized a methodology based on non-targeted analysis (NTA) to characterize chemicals in dust, soil, urine, and in the diet (food and drinking water) of infant populations. Methods To evaluate potential toxicological concerns associated with chemical exposure, families with children between 6 months and 6 years of age from underrepresented groups were recruited in the greater Miami area. Samples of soil, indoor dust, food, water, and urine were provided by the caregivers, prepared by different techniques (involving online SPE, ASE, USE, QuEChERs), and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data post-processing was performed using the small molecule structure identification software, Compound Discoverer (CD) 3.3, and identified features were plotted using Kendrick mass defect plot and Van Krevelen diagrams to show unique patterns in different samples and regions of anthropogenic compound classifications. Results The performance of the NTA workflow was evaluated using quality control standards in terms of accuracy, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity, with an average of 98.2%, 20.3%, 98.4% and 71.1%, respectively. Sample preparation was successfully optimized for soil, dust, water, food, and urine. A total of 30, 78, 103, 20 and 265 annotated features were frequently identified (detection frequency >80%) in the food, dust, soil, water, and urine samples, respectively. Common features detected in each matrix were prioritized and classified, providing insight on children’s exposure to organic contaminants of concern and their potential toxicities. Impact statement Current methods to assess the ingestion of chemicals by children have limitations and are generally restricted by specific classes of targeted organic contaminants of interest. This study offers an innovative approach using non-targeted analysis for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants that children are exposed to through dust, soil, and diet (drinking water and food).

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