Source-specific health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound heavy metals based on high time-resolved measurement in a Chinese megacity: insights into seasonal and diurnal variations

Chen, Rui; Jia, Bin; Tian, Yingze; Feng, Yinchang

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112167

Cited by 42 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The underlying mechanisms of the relationship between PM 2.5 and poor health include the oxidation reactions in induced cells, mutagenicity and inflammation 36 . Research results demonstrate that exposed environment with high PM 2.5 concentration will lead to increasing probability of commuters’ health risks, which is consistent with former conclusions 37 – 39 . When the sudden change in heart rate reaches 35% or more, it means that there is a large external environmental disturbance and the body's regulatory function starts to feedback 21 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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PM2.5 has an impact on residents' physical health during travelling, especially walking completely exposed to the environment. In order to obtain the specific impact of PM2.5 on walking, 368 healthy volunteers were selected and they were grouped according to gender and age. In the experiment, the heart rate change rate (HR%) is taken as test variable. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the travel is divided into two states: safety and risk. Based on this, a binary logit model considering Body Mass Index (BMI) is established to determine the contribution of PM2.5 concentration and body characteristics to travel risk. The experiment was conducted on Chang'an Middle Road in Xi'an City. The analysis results show that the threshold of HR% for safety and risk ranges from 31.1 to 40.1%, and that of PM2.5 concentration ranges from 81 to 168 μg/m3. The probability of risk rises 5.8% and 11.4%, respectively, for every unit increase in PM2.5 concentration and HR%. Under same conditions, the probability of risk for male is 76.8% of that for female. The probability of risk for youth is 67.5% of that for middle-aged people, and the probability of risk for people with BMI in healthy range is 72.1% of that for non-healthy range. The research evaluates risk characteristics of walking in particular polluted weather, which can improve residents’ health level and provide suggestions for travel decision while walking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, this study presents certain limitations when applying this method. Human health is threatened by heavy metals in PM 2.5 , mainly through inhalation [48]. It is important to emphasize that just because ingestion or dermal routes of exposure were not calculated the influence of health risk by this analysis, beyond this, the outdoor and indoor concentrations of PM 2.5 vary substantially, and individuals spend most of their time indoors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The high HQ values of As and Mn in Handan were mainly caused by coal consumption and boiler emissions from state-owned steel smelters. For exposure through the respiratory system, the risk values of non-carcinogenic heavy metals in Handan were observed to be higher than other cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Baoding [4,48,55]. The increased contribution of HQ values of Ni in 2015 is related to the increased concentration of Ni in January, April, and July 2015.…”

Section: Non-carcinogenic Riskmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Atiemo et al (2011) found that high concentrations of Cu and Zn come from tire abrasion, lubricants, and the wearing of brake linings [47]. Cd and Pb can be released from multiple different sources in the environment, such as vehicle emissions [13,48]. In addition, the contribution of source 2 was decreased in the three years, which are related to the measure for vehicle control.…”

Section: Source Apportionment By Unmixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Handan: A Typical Heavily Polluted City in North China

et al. 2021

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In order to determine the pollution sources and human health risks of metal elements in PM2.5, samples were collected by a large flow particulate matter sampler in the four seasons in 2013, 2015, and 2017 (January, April, July, and October). The mass concentrations of 10 metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed. The sources of heavy metals were identified by Unmix, and the potential non-carcinogenic/carcinogenic risk was evaluated. The influences of local and regional sources were also explored during the high-carcinogenic risk period (HCRP). The wind field and 72 h backward trajectories were performed to identify the potential local and regional sources in HCRP. The results showed that the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 in the urban area of Handan city were 105.14, 91.18, and 65.85 μg/m3 in 2013, 2015, and 2017, respectively. The average daily concentrations of the metals in PM2.5 in January were higher than that of April, July, and October. The average mass concentrations of the 10 heavy metal elements in PM2.5 were 698.26, 486.92, and 456.94 ng·m−3 in 2013, 2015, and 2017, respectively. The main sources of the metals in PM2.5 were soil dust sources, vehicular emissions, coal burning, and industrial activities. The carcinogenic risks of Cr and As were above 1 × 10−6 over the three years. Wind direction analysis showed that the potential local sources were heavy industry enterprises and the economic development zone. The backward trajectory analysis indicated that PM2.5 long transported from Shandong, Henan, and the surrounding cities of Handan had quite an impact on the heavy metals contained in the atmosphere of the studied area. The health risk assessment results demonstrated that the trend for non-carcinogenic risk declined, and there was no non-carcinogenic risk in 2017. However, the carcinogenic risk levels were high over the three years, particularly in January.

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“…Therefore, Taghvaee et al proposed a source-specific risk assessment method based on source analysis and risk assessment methods to carry out this work 17 . In recent years, source-specific risk assessment methods have attracted increasing attention, and have been widely applied in the analysis of various pollutants in air particulate matter 18 , heavy metals in road dust 16 , potential toxic elements in agricultural soil 19 and pollutants in river sediments 20 . The key to source-specific risk assessment is the source apportionment of PTEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment and source-specific risk evaluation of potential toxic elements in oasis agricultural soils of Tarim River Basin

Abuduwaili

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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As rapidly developing area of intensive agriculture during the past half century, the oases in the source region of the Tarim River have encountered serious environmental challenges. Therefore, a comparative analysis of soil pollution characteristics and source-specific risks in different oases is an important measure to prevent and control soil pollution and provide guidance for extensive resource management in this area. In this study, the concentration of potential toxic elements (PTEs) was analyzed by collecting soil samples from the four oases in the source region of the Tarim River. The cumulative frequency curve method, pollution index method, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, geographical detector method and health risk assessment model were used to analyze the pollution status and source-specific risk of potential toxic elements in different oases. The results showed that Cd was the most prominent PTE in the oasis agricultural soil in the source region of the Tarim River. Especially in Hotan Oasis, where 81.25% of the soil samples were moderately contaminated and 18.75% were highly contaminated with Cd. The PTEs in the Hotan Oasis corresponded to a moderate level of risk to the ecological environment, and the noncarcinogenic risk of soil PTEs in the four oases to local children exceeded the threshold (TH > 1), while the carcinogenic risk to local residents was acceptable (1E−06 < TCR < 1E−04). The research results suggested that the Hotan Oasis should be the key area for soil pollution control in the source region of the Tarim River, and agricultural activities and natural sources, industrial sources, and atmospheric dust fall are the priority sources that should be controlled in the Aksu Oasis, Kashgar Oasis and Yarkant River Oasis, respectively. The results of this study provide important decision-making support for the protection and management of regional agricultural soil and the environment.

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Source-specific health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound heavy metals based on high time-resolved measurement in a Chinese megacity: insights into seasonal and diurnal variations

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Handan: A Typical Heavily Polluted City in North China

Source apportionment and source-specific risk evaluation of potential toxic elements in oasis agricultural soils of Tarim River Basin

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