Sono-crystallization kinetics of K2SO4: Estimation of nucleation, growth, breakage and agglomeration kinetics

Abstract

Application of ultrasound in crystallization has showed improved process characteristics. Although several attempts have been made in the past to study the sono-crystallization kinetics, only nucleation and crystal growth were considered, neglecting breakage and agglomeration of crystals. In this study, an attempt is made for the estimation of the kinetic parameters of all the phenomena occurring simultaneously during sono-crystallization. For this, both conventional and ultrasonic crystallization of KSO-water system has been reported. Sono-crystallization experiments were carried out using ultrasonic horn operating at 20 kHz frequency. Reduction in the induction time, reduction in metastable zone width (MSZW), narrowing of crystal size distribution (CSD) were the key observations of sono-crystallization experiments. Population balance equations (PBE) were used to model the crystallization system and the various kinetic parameters have been estimated. The kinetic parameters obtained for conventional crystallization and sonocrystallization were compared. The estimated parameters suggest an increase in nucleation and breakage rate during sono-crystallization. Growth rates were observed to be of the same order of magnitude for both conventional and sonocrystallization. While agglomeration during sono-crystallization was found to be negligible.

Particle Size Control during Ultrasonic Cooling Crystallization of Paracetamol

“…In turn, this can again be correlated to a decrease in secondary nucleation and disaggregation events. Consequently, less surface area becomes available for the deposition of crystalline material and the desupersaturation progresses more slowly in comparison to an elevated ultrasonic power , .…”

Ultrasound Assisted Particle Size Control by Continuous Seed Generation and Batch Growth

“…The preparations are identical to the nucleation temperature experiments described in Section 2.3. The experiment is started by cooling thermostatic bath 1 at a cooling rate of 0.6 • C/min and switching on the ultrasound at a calorimetric power of 8 W. This cooling rate of 0.6 • C/min was selected because the literature showed that ultrasound caused a significant reduction in MZW at cooling rates of 0.5-0.7 • C/min, while this effect was negligible for higher cooling rates of 2 • C/min [25,33]. The moment crystals were detected, the solution was transferred to the batch vessel by switching the 3-way valve towards the batch vessel.…”

Effects of Al2(SO4)3 and K2SiO3 Impurities on the Crystallization of K2SO4 from Aqueous Solution

“…Several studies have been devoted to the crystallization process of K 2 SO 4 in the aqueous solution. [ 8,13–19 ] Nývlt and Hostomská [ 13 ] indicated that the metastable zone width of K 2 SO 4 aqueous solution decreased with increasing the value of pH and pH also affected the solution structure. Kobari et al.…”

“…Bari et al. [ 19 ] found that the reduction in the induction time, reduction in metastable zone width, and narrowing of crystal size distribution were the key observations of K 2 SO 4 sono‐crystallization experiments.…”