Some Effects of Meteorological Factors on All Stages of Aphytis Lingnanensis, A Parasite of the California Red Scale

DeBach, Paul; Fisher, Tom; Landi, J

doi:10.2307/1931311

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The longevity of A. vandenboschi adults fed honey is strongly dependent on temperature; below 23°C, Titayavan and Davis (1988) reported mean longevities between 10 and 32 days, while mean longevities above 28°C were 4 days or less. Similar, but less extreme, temperature-dependent results are reported by Avidov et al (1971) for A. coheni DeBach, andDeBach et al (1955) reported high mortality of adult A. lingnanensis at low temperatures. In general, adult Aphytis live between 2 and 6 weeks in the laboratory when fed sugar and held at optimum temperatures (e.g., DeBach and White 1960;Bartlett 1962;Quednau 1964;Avidov et al 1970;Gulmahamad and DeBach 1978b;Takagi and Ogata 1990;Rosenheim and Hoy 1988;Heimpel et al 1994, submitted;Heimpel and Rosenheim 1995;Collier 1995).…”

Section: Predation On Aphytissupporting

confidence: 86%

“…One factor that is likely to have an important impact on realized fecundity is the mortality rate of adult female parasitoids. Potential sources of mortality in the field include abiotic factors (DeBach et al 1955;Roitberg et al 1992Roitberg et al , 1993Fink and Vö lkl 1995), starvation (Heimpel and Collier 1996;Jervis et al 1996), and predation (Rees and Onsager 1982;Vö lkl 1992;Vö lkl and Mackauer 1993;Rosenheim et al 1995), among others. Actual field mortality rates from any of these factors remain largely unknown, but morphological and behavioral features of some parasitoids suggest the evolution of anti-predator defenses (Townes 1939;Quicke 1984;Gauld 1987;Quicke et al 1992;Godfray 1994), and a number of authors have implicated certain groups of parasitoids in Batesian and/or Mullerian mimicry complexes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predation on adult Aphytis parasitoids in the field

1997

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We report on predation on adult females of the parasitoids Aphytis aonidiae and A. vandenboschi (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) foraging in the field. During 89.6 h of observation, we witnessed 18 encounters with predators, 6 of which resulted in parasitoid capture. Three classes of generalist predators attacked Aphytis: spiders (unidentified Salticidae and Thomisidae), workers of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and nymphs of the assassin bug Zelus renardii (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Although observations were conducted during most months of the year, encounters with predators occurred only during September, October and November. During these months, encounters with predators occurred on average every 3.2 h of observation, with one in three encounters resulting in parasitoid capture. Peaks in predation coincided with population peaks of A. aonidiae, but were unrelated to population dynamics of any of the predators. We compare these results with previously published laboratory studies on longevity of Aphytis parasitoids, and conclude that predation pressure has the potential to severely limit parasitoid fitness in the field.

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Section: Predation On Aphytissupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation on adult Aphytis parasitoids in the field

1997

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“…Sperm mortality, inactivation, or debilitation are reasons advanced for reduced female progeny in Aphytis populations exposed to suboptimum temperatures (DeBach et al, 1955 ;DeBaeh & Argyriou, 1966). In the present study, immature parasitoids were exposed to adverse climatic conditions then allowed to eclose, mate and oviposit under optimum conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of winter temperatures on the sex ratios ofAphytis melinus [Hym.: Aphelinidae] in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Hoffmann

Kennett

1985

Entomophaga

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“…Adverse winter temperatures may cause an interrupted period of sufficient length to prevent an otherwise efficient natural enemy from controlling its host as occurred in some areas of California with A. lingnanensis (DeBach et al 1955) due to pupae mortality in winter. Also, it has been experimentally demonstrated that A. melinus females held at 158C for just 24 hours produced only 11 progeny per female as compared with 28 progeny produced at 278C (DeBach 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitoid competitive displacement and coexistence in citrus agroecosystems: linking species distribution with climate

Sorribas¹,

Rodríguez²,

Garcia‐Marí³

2010

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. The introduced parasitoid wasp Aphytis melinus, the most widespread natural enemy of the California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii ) and the superior competitor, has displaced the native Aphytis chrysomphali from most citrus areas of the Mediterranean basin and other citrus areas all over the world. However, our extensive survey data on the scale parasitoid populations collected in [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008] show that in large citrus areas of eastern Spain both parasitoids coexist. Using field data from 179 orchards spatially divided in five citrusproducing agroecosystems, we examined the mechanisms that could explain displacement or coexistence between both Aphytis species in relation to weather conditions. The distribution and abundance of the parasitoid species are related to the mean summer and winter temperatures and relative humidity of each ecosystem. The relative proportion of A. melinus is higher during the warm months, and the abundance of A. chrysomphali increases from south to north, being higher in the cooler northern areas. Aphytis melinus has displaced A. chrysomphali from hot and dry areas, whereas regions with mild summer temperatures and moderate relative humidity present the optimal conditions for the coexistence of the two parasitoids. The more negative effects of winter temperatures on A. melinus allow the earlier use of the available host resource in late winter and spring by A. chrysomphali and the coexistence of both parasitoids in the same orchard via temporal niche partitioning. We combine previous literature on the behavior of Aphytis species in the laboratory under different temperature and humidity conditions with our field results to confirm the role of spatiotemporal weather conditions and seasonal changes in host stages on the variation of Aphytis relative abundance and parasitoid coexistence.

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Some Effects of Meteorological Factors on All Stages of Aphytis Lingnanensis, A Parasite of the California Red Scale

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Predation on adult Aphytis parasitoids in the field

Predation on adult Aphytis parasitoids in the field

Effects of winter temperatures on the sex ratios ofAphytis melinus [Hym.: Aphelinidae] in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Parasitoid competitive displacement and coexistence in citrus agroecosystems: linking species distribution with climate

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