Some Edaphic and Ecological Effects of Water Spreading on Range Lands

Abstract

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Channel Form, Flows and Sediments of Endogenous Ephemeral Rivers in Deserts

“…Since then the phenomenon has been noted in ephemeral channels in different deserts by various workers, including Hubbell and Gardner (1944), Leopold and Miller (1956), Renard and Keppel (1966), Gavrilovic (1969) and Frostick and Reid (1979). The bore is rarely the 'wall of water' often referred to in popular literature about flash floods.…”

Flow dynamics and suspended sediment properties in arid zone flash floods

“…Yet there has been surprisingly little attention paid to the variable size of the suspended load. Exceptions include the U.S. Geological Survey concerned with accelerated erosion and reservoir siltation (Colby et af., 1956;Collier, 1963;Kennedy, 1964;Mundorff, 1964Mundorff, , 1966Mapes, 1969;Anttila, 1970;Boucher, 1970;Brown and Ritter, 1971;and Flint, 1972); Ongley et af., (1981), Peart and Walling (1982), Carling (1983), Richards (1964) and Gilvear and Petts (1985) who were interested in sediment sources; and Arnborg et af., (1967), Fleming and Poodle (1970), and Rapp et af., (1972) who elucidated temporal variations in different river reaches. Data on suspended sediment size in flash floods is confined to the work of Nordin (1963), Beverage and Culbertson (1964), Mundorff (1964), Renard and Laursen (1975) , and Frostick et al, (1983).…”

“…Figure 9 illustrates the problem. Mean sediment size is plotted as a function of water discharge for 2 perennial streams in humid Temperate environments-the River Clyde in Scotland (Fleming and Poodle, 1978) and Broad River in Georgia (Kennedy, 1964). In neither case is there a significant correlation.…”

Movement and deposition of sediment in the vicinity of debris‐barriers

“…2). The occasional flows in most western streams carry high sediment-concentrations which are sufficient to fill a relatively small basin almost to spillway-level during one or two floods [5,6]. The slope of these earlier deposits varies with the average grain-size of the sediment.…”

“…The final adjustment of grade can proceed, therefore, only as rapidly as the supply of coarse material is available. In arid regions where flows capable of transporting coarse material occur on the average no more often than a few times per year [5], the rate of sedimentation consequently may be relatively low.…”