Somatic spines in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus

Ifft, John D.; McCarthy, Lawrence E.

doi:10.1007/bf00224582

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Somatic spines are a transient feature of immature neocortical pyramidal [30,33] and hippocampal [34] neurons, but very few persist into maturity. One type of somatic spine forms synapses with axons passing the cell, and the other, without synapses, appears to serve as a buttress for neuronal and glial processes [48]. We found no differences between P2 Ts65Dn and euploid mice in the density of somatic spines.…”

Section: Absence Of Differences In Spine Density In Pyramidal Neurons...contrasting

confidence: 50%

Early Appearance of Dendritic Alterations in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons of the Ts65Dn Model of Down Syndrome

Uguagliati¹,

Stagni²,

Emili³

et al. 2021

Dev Neurosci

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Down syndrome (DS), which is due to triplication of chromosome 21, is constantly associated with intellectual disability (ID). ID can be ascribed to both neurogenesis impairment and dendritic pathology. These defects are replicated in the Ts65Dn mouse, a widely used model of DS. While neurogenesis impairment in DS is a fetal event, dendritic pathology occurs after the first postnatal months. Neurogenesis alterations across the lifespan have been extensively studied in the Ts65Dn mouse. In contrast, there is scarce information regarding dendritic alterations at early life stages in this and other models, although there is evidence for dendritic alterations in adult mouse models. Thus, the goal of the current study was to establish whether dendritic alterations are already present in the neonatal period in Ts65Dn mice. In Golgi-stained brains we quantified the dendritic arbors of layer II/III pyramidal neurons in the frontal cortex of Ts65Dn mice aged 2 (P2) and 8 (P8) days and their euploid littermates. In P2 Ts65Dn mice we found a moderate hypotrophy of the apical and collateral dendrites but a patent hypotrophy of the basal dendrites. In P8 Ts65Dn mice the distalmost apical branches were missing or reduced in number but there were no alterations in the collateral and basal dendrites. No genotype effects were detected on either somatic or dendritic spine density. This study shows dendritic branching defects that mainly involve the basal domain in P2 Ts65Dn mice, and the apical but not the other domains in P8 Ts65Dn mice. This suggests that dendritic defects may be related to dendritic compartment and age. The lack of a severe dendritic pathology in Ts65Dn pups is reminiscent of the delayed appearance of patent dendritic alterations in newborns with DS. This similarly highlights the usefulness of the Ts65Dn model for the study of the mechanisms underlying dendritic alterations in DS and the design of possible therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Absence Of Differences In Spine Density In Pyramidal Neurons...contrasting

confidence: 50%

Early Appearance of Dendritic Alterations in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons of the Ts65Dn Model of Down Syndrome

Uguagliati¹,

Stagni²,

Emili³

et al. 2021

Dev Neurosci

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“…Similar neurons were observed in the PVH, although their dendrites were said to ramify somewhat more broadly. This general description of neurons in the supraoptic nucleus has since been confirmed with the Golgi method in the adult rat (Ifft and McCarthy, 1974;Armstrong et al, 1982;Dyball andKemplay, 1982), monkey (LuQui andFox, 1976), and rabbit (Felten and Cashner, 1979), and with the intracellular LY filling ofneurons in rat hypothalamic slices (Andrew et al,198 1) or explants (Randle et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Ultrastructural studies in the mouse and rat supraoptic nucleus have confirmed the existence of synapses on somatic and dendritic spines, as well as on the soma itself and on the dendritic shafts (Polenov and Senchik, 1966;Enestrom, 1967;Rechardt, 1969;Leranth et al, 1971Leranth et al, , 1975Ifft and McCarthy, 1974). In the rat, LCranth et al (1975) have even estimated that, on average, each magnocellular neurosecretory neuron receives on the order of 600 synapses, with about 500 equally distributed on dendritic shafts and spines, and the rest on the soma and axon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A morphometric analysis of functionally defined subpopulations of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat with observations on the effects of colchicine

Rho

Swanson

1989

J. Neurosci.

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Two populations of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that have different efferent projections and physiological roles in the regulation of visceral responses were characterized morphologically with a combined intracellular filling, retrograde tracer, and immunohistochemical method. Neuroendocrine cells were retrogradely labeled by an intravenous injection of Fast blue, and distinguished from descending neurons that were retrogradely labeled by an injection of fluorogold into the spinal cord. Retrogradely labeled neurons were selectively penetrated and filled intracellularly with Lucifer yellow to visualize detailed features of their morphology. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-containing neurons were distinguished from other neuroendocrine cells by immunostaining the tissue with an antiserum to rat CRH. Morphometric features of defined populations of neurons were then quantified and reconstructed graphically to generate multicellular montage drawings that demonstrate their spatial organization. Descending neurons were further separated into dorsal and ventral medial parvicellular components, while the neuroendocrine population was differentiated into parvicellular and magnocellular groups. The mean somal areas, total dendritic lengths, and spine densities were compared between groups of neurons, and these showed significant differences across cell types. These measures were also dramatically affected by colchicine, which appears to induce the formation of new dendritic appendages, swelling of the soma, and reduction of dendritic length. Whether colchicine is acting directly upon cytoskeletal structures or indirectly by altering the physiology of the cell is unclear. However, the precise effects of colchicine on mean somal area, total dendritic length, and spine density appear to be dependent upon individual cell type. Colchicine may therefore act in a nonspecific, but nonetheless highly selective, manner in disrupting an endogenous mechanism regulating the number, morphology, and location of spines.

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“…porting the electron microscopic findings of Iff't and McCarthy [25], In a study using a double immunocytochemical technique to demonstrate oxytocin and vasopressin-secret ing cells, Vandesande and Dierickx [42] de scribed large multipolar neurons similar to the multipolar neurons noted in the current study. In a further study, these investigators [14] described large multipolar vasopressin cells and medium-sized multipolar oxytocin cells within the SON.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cytoarchitecture of the Supraoptic Nucleus

Felten¹,

Cashner²

1979

Neuroendocrinology

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A Golgi-Cox study of the supraoptic nucleus of the adult rabbit has revealed the presence of three major cell types: (1) large multipolar neurons; (2) large bipolar neurons, and (3) small interneurons. The multipolar and bipolar neurons demonstrated regional variation in the rostral and caudal aspects of this nucleus, while the interneurons appeared identical throughout the nucleus. This study provides detailed cytoarchitectural descriptions of the magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus and establishes the presence of an interneuronal cell population through which incoming afferent messages could influence the neurosecretory neurons.

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Somatic spines in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Early Appearance of Dendritic Alterations in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons of the Ts65Dn Model of Down Syndrome

Early Appearance of Dendritic Alterations in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons of the Ts65Dn Model of Down Syndrome

A morphometric analysis of functionally defined subpopulations of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat with observations on the effects of colchicine

Cytoarchitecture of the Supraoptic Nucleus

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