Solvent replacement for green processing.

Abstract

The implementation of the Montreal Protocol, the Clean Air Act, and the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 has resulted in increased awareness of organic solvent use in chemical processing. The advances made in the search to find "green" replacements for traditional solvents are reviewed, with reference to solvent alternatives for cleaning, coatings, and chemical reaction and separation processes. The development of solvent databases and computational methods that aid in the selection and/or design of feasible or optimal environmentally benign solvent alternatives for specific applications is also discussed.ImagesFigure 2Figure 3

Effects of Dose and Route on the Disposition and Kinetics of 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Chloride in Male F-344 Rats

“…From these data, the K t was determined to be 36.5 Ϯ 3.6 M. To determine whether BmPy-Cl could act as an inhibitor of hOCT2 transport processes, increasing concentrations of BmPy-Cl (0 -100 M) were coincubated with dmd.aspetjournals.org solvents (Velders et al, 2007). More environmentally friendly alternatives have been proposed for a wide variety of applications, from cleaning and coatings to separations and synthesis (Sherman et al, 1998). The ionic liquid discussed in this article, BmPy-Cl, has structural and physical properties similar to those of other "green" ionic liquids that have been proposed for use in a variety of organic synthesis reactions (Seddon, 1997).…”

Choosing Solvents That Promote Green Chemistry

“…C02 is isolated from the environment and offers low toxicity danger to workers or the environment. Supercritical carbon dioxide Diethyl ether methyl t-butyl ether [12] benzene toluene [2] w-Hexane 2,5 -Dimethylhexane [2] Tetrachloroethylene hydrofluorocarbons [12] Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 1 -(Methoxy)-2-propanol [2] methylene chloride benzotrifluoride [12] polar solvents l-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride-aluminum(III) chlorides [22] chloroform dimethoxy ethane [12] (SC C02) is an inexpensive, environmentally benign alternative to conventional solvents. Based on solubility considerations, supercritical C0 2 can potentially replace many chemical reactions and processes.…”

Photoreduction of Benzophenone in Green Chemistry Using an Alternate Solvent Ethyl Alcohol

“…The incorporation of green chemistry principles by University Grant commission New Delhi , into the post graduate curriculum has fueled a fundamentally new approach to the teaching of chemistry. Green solvents are generally derived from renewable resources and biodegrade to innocuous, often naturally occurring product [3,4]. Ehtyl alcohol is one of them.…”