Solvent diffusion in amorphous polymers: Polystyrene-solvent systems

The Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Mid-Infrared Sensing of Dissolved Hydrocarbons in Water

“…Another more probable explanation for the decrease in sensitivity is that the exothermic process associated with the sorption of hydrocarbon molecules by the polymer phase becomes less favored with an increase in temperature (in accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle). The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. , For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

“…The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. 43,44 For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

The Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Mid-Infrared Sensing of Dissolved Hydrocarbons in Water

“…Another more probable explanation for the decrease in sensitivity is that the exothermic process associated with the sorption of hydrocarbon molecules by the polymer phase becomes less favored with an increase in temperature (in accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle). The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. , For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

“…The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. 43,44 For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

Solvent Retention in Electrospun Fibers Affects Scaffold Mechanical Properties

“…In contrast, polymers electrospun at environmental temperatures below their T g are glassy, and solvent evaporation out of fibers is slowed due to the decrease in polymer chain mobility, thus explaining why these fibers retained solvent. These findings are supported by a study from Tihminlioglu et al , where solvent removal from a 3-µm thick polystyrene coating is slowed when the polymer is formed below its T g [21]. Although the Tihminlioglu et al study did not analyze electrospun fibers, their findings support our observations.…”

Techniques to measure sorption and migration between small molecules and packaging. A critical review

“…The sorption of the compound is related to its retention volume. The results obtained from the IGC technique are claimed to agree well with those from conventional techniques such as thermogravimetry . The sorption isotherm of toluene in PS obtained using IGC by Tihminlioglu and Danner was in good agreement with those obtained by Ni at 130 °C and by Sun at 160 °C.…”

The Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Mid-Infrared Sensing of Dissolved Hydrocarbons in Water

“…Another more probable explanation for the decrease in sensitivity is that the exothermic process associated with the sorption of hydrocarbon molecules by the polymer phase becomes less favored with an increase in temperature (in accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle). The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. , For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

“…The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. 43,44 For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

Solvent Retention in Electrospun Fibers Affects Scaffold Mechanical Properties

“…In contrast, polymers electrospun at environmental temperatures below their T g are glassy, and solvent evaporation out of fibers is slowed due to the decrease in polymer chain mobility, thus explaining why these fibers retained solvent. These findings are supported by a study from Tihminlioglu et al , where solvent removal from a 3-µm thick polystyrene coating is slowed when the polymer is formed below its T g [21]. Although the Tihminlioglu et al study did not analyze electrospun fibers, their findings support our observations.…”

Techniques to measure sorption and migration between small molecules and packaging. A critical review

“…The sorption of the compound is related to its retention volume. The results obtained from the IGC technique are claimed to agree well with those from conventional techniques such as thermogravimetry . The sorption isotherm of toluene in PS obtained using IGC by Tihminlioglu and Danner was in good agreement with those obtained by Ni at 130 °C and by Sun at 160 °C.…”

The Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Mid-Infrared Sensing of Dissolved Hydrocarbons in Water

“…Another more probable explanation for the decrease in sensitivity is that the exothermic process associated with the sorption of hydrocarbon molecules by the polymer phase becomes less favored with an increase in temperature (in accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle). The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. , For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

“…The decreasing sensitivity is consistent with other studies that show a lower hydrocarbon-polymer partition coefficient with increasing temperature. 43,44 For each of these experiments at different temperatures, we also conducted repeat experiments and at 22 and 40 °C the results were fairly reproducible with a variation of less than 5%. It should be noted, however, that at 80 °C the polymer was affected irreversibly which significantly impacted the membrane response.…”

Solvent Retention in Electrospun Fibers Affects Scaffold Mechanical Properties

“…In contrast, polymers electrospun at environmental temperatures below their T g are glassy, and solvent evaporation out of fibers is slowed due to the decrease in polymer chain mobility, thus explaining why these fibers retained solvent. These findings are supported by a study from Tihminlioglu et al , where solvent removal from a 3-µm thick polystyrene coating is slowed when the polymer is formed below its T g [21]. Although the Tihminlioglu et al study did not analyze electrospun fibers, their findings support our observations.…”

Techniques to measure sorption and migration between small molecules and packaging. A critical review

“…The sorption of the compound is related to its retention volume. The results obtained from the IGC technique are claimed to agree well with those from conventional techniques such as thermogravimetry . The sorption isotherm of toluene in PS obtained using IGC by Tihminlioglu and Danner was in good agreement with those obtained by Ni at 130 °C and by Sun at 160 °C.…”