Soluble Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with Unipolar or Bipolar Affective Disorders: Results from a Pilot Trial

Abstract

Background: Immunological and vascular markers may play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and mood changes. Aim: To test whether the cell adhesion molecule soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) may serve as a biomarker for patients with unipolar or bipolar affective disorders when compared to a healthy control group, and whether sICAM-1 blood levels change during different mood states. Methods: sICAM-1 serum concentrations were compared between 20 healthy controls and 48 patients with affective disorders (unipolar, bipolar II and bipolar I disorder) during different mood states (euthymic mood state, depression or mania). Results: When compared to healthy controls, patients with affective disorders had significantly higher sICAM-1 levels during the euthymic state (p = 0.015). Differences became more pronounced during depression (p = 0.013). When unipolar and bipolar patients were analyzed separately, unipolar patients significantly differed from controls during the euthymic and depressive mood state, while bipolar II patients showed a trend towards higher sICAM-1 levels during depression. Patients with bipolar I disorders had significantly higher sICAM-1 levels during manic states when compared to controls (p = 0.007). Conclusions: sICAM-1 elevation in unipolar and bipolar patients, independent of mood changes, might support the hypothesis of chronic immune activation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with affective disorders.

Inflammatory profiles of severe treatment-resistant depression

“…It is possible that these proteins are over-expressed in more chronic affective disorders and could implicate Th2 inflammation in this subpopulation. sICAM1, sVCAM1 and MCP1 are notably lower in this sample of inpatients than controls, unexpected as these chemoattractants function as part of a pro-inflammatory response and have in a few studies been reported as elevated in depression (Dimopoulos et al, 2006;Schaefer et al, 2016). Although highly speculative, it is possible that low circulating immunoglobulin levels may suggest that they have penetrated the blood-brain-barrier into the brain (Takeshita and Ransohoff, 2012), a possibility that we were not able to examine.…”

Biomarkers for depression: recent insights, current challenges and future prospects

“…Recently, additional novel cytokines and chemokines have yielded evidence of abnormalities in depression. These include: macrophage inhibitory protein 1a, IL-1a, IL-7, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, eotaxin, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 57 IL-5, 58 IL-16, 59 IL-17, 60 monocyte chemoattractant protein-4, 61 thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, 62 eotaxin-3, TNFb, 63 interferon gamma-induced protein 10, 64 serum amyloid A, 65 soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 66 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. 67 …”

Increase of orexin A in the peripheral blood of adolescents with Internet gaming disorder

“…First, sICAM-1 is elevated in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular diseases, indicating its potential as a biomarker for vascular inflammation ( Hwang et al., 1997 ; Noutsias et al., 2003 ; Ridker et al., 1998 ). Second, increased sICAM-1 is related to the development of neurological diseases such as depression ( Schaefer, Sarkar, Schwarz, & Friebe, 2016 ). In addition, sICAM-1 is responsible for inflammatory processes in terms of neuropathology.…”