Solid-state diffusion limitations on pulse operation of a lithium ion cell for hybrid electric vehicles

Smith, Kandler; Wang, Chao Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.050

Cited by 327 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Additionally, they applied the concentration diffusion equation to get the lithium-ion transportation in solid phase electrodes, liquid electrolytes and SEI [191]. The mentioned 1D lumped parameter models then were combined with 3D CFD simulation, through the coupling simulation of electric-thermal and chemical parameters, the researchers realized a representation and prediction of the spatial distribution of the concentration of lithium ion, liquid phase potential and temperature in the processes of charging and discharging [192]. In order to save computation time, a simplified co-simulated semi-empirical electrical and thermal model was proposed by Newman and Tiedemann [193,194], which assumed that the inner electrolyte cannot move [195].…”

Section: Co-simulation For Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management and Numerical Simulation

et al. 2017

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Abstract:With the increasing demands for vehicle dynamic performance, economy, safety and comfort, and with ever stricter laws concerning energy conservation and emissions, vehicle power systems are becoming much more complex. To pursue high efficiency and light weight in automobile design, the power system and its vehicle integrated thermal management (VITM) system have attracted widespread attention as the major components of modern vehicle technology. Regarding the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), its integrated thermal management (ITM) mainly contains internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling, turbo-charged cooling, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooling, lubrication cooling and air conditioning (AC) or heat pump (HP). As for electric vehicles (EVs), the ITM mainly includes battery cooling/preheating, electric machines (EM) cooling and AC or HP. With the rational effective and comprehensive control over the mentioned dynamic devices and thermal components, the modern VITM can realize collaborative optimization of multiple thermodynamic processes from the aspect of system integration. Furthermore, the computer-aided calculation and numerical simulation have been the significant design methods, especially for complex VITM. The 1D programming can correlate multi-thermal components and the 3D simulating can develop structuralized and modularized design. Additionally, co-simulations can virtualize simulation of various thermo-hydraulic behaviors under the vehicle transient operational conditions. This article reviews relevant researching work and current advances in the ever broadening field of modern vehicle thermal management (VTM). Based on the systematic summaries of the design methods and applications of ITM, future tasks and proposals are presented. This article aims to promote innovation of ITM, strengthen the precise control and the performance predictable ability, furthermore, to enhance the level of research and development (R&D).

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Section: Co-simulation For Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management and Numerical Simulation

et al. 2017

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“…Similarly, within [41], the authors highlight the dependency between energy capacity and C-rate. At high C-rates, the lower voltage limit on the cell is reached sooner due to a combination of diffusion limitations within the electrode [42] and an increase ohmic related voltage drop [35]. A number of publications have cited the need to take into account hysteresis when quantifying cell capacity under combined charge-discharge conditions [40].…”

Section: Review Of Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated energy capacity measurement of lithium-ion cells to support future circular economy strategies for electric vehicles

Groenewald

Grandjean

Marco

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Within the academic and industrial communities there has been an increasing desire to better understand the sustainability of producing vehicles that contain embedded electrochemical energy storage. Underpinning a number of studies that evaluate different circular economy strategies for the electric vehicle (EV) or Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) battery system are implicit assumptions about the retained capacity or State of Health (SOH) of the battery. International standards and best-practice guides exist that address the performance evaluation of both EV and HEV battery systems. However, a common theme is that the test duration can be excessive and last for a number of hours. The aim of this research is to assess whether energy capacity measurements of Li-ion cells can be accelerated; reducing the test duration to a value that may facilitate further EOL options. Experimental results are presented that highlight it is possible to significantly reduce the duration of the battery characterisation test by 70% -90% while still retaining levels of measurement accuracy for retained energy capacity in the order of 1% for cell temperatures equal to 25 0 C. Even at elevated temperatures of 40 0 C, the peak measurement error was found to be only 3%. Based on these experimental results, a simple cost-function is formulated to highlight the flexibility of the proposed test framework. This approach would allow different organizations to prioritize the relative importance of test accuracy verses experimental test time when grading used Li-ion cells for different end-of-life (EOL) applications.

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“…The positive electrode equilibrium potential function U + is obtained from measurements of a cell's open circuit voltage, assuming a known negative electrode (Li x C 6 ) equilibrium potential function Uf rom the literature. Moreover, stoichiometry of both electrodes at 100% and 0% SoC (four parameters), anodic and cathodic charge transfer coefficients (two parameters), the electrolyte activity co-efficient (one parameter) and the Bruggemen coefficient (one parameter) are taken to be known constants, with values compatible with those found in the literature [20]. This means a further eight parameters are assumed known, thus leaving a subset 28 = (57´21´8) parameters that need to be identified.…”

Section: Pseudo Two-dimensional Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based a number of recent studies [14,20,21], refined parameter set presented in the second column of Table 2 that is used as an initial guess for the optimisation process. The potential U´of the graphite (Li x C 6 ) negative electrode is assumed to initially follow the empirical correlation from [40].…”

Section: Verifying the Non-aged Refined Parameter Set For Linicoalomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation through the Identification and Tracking of Electrochemical Battery Model Parameters

Perera²,

et al. 2016

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Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries undergo complex electrochemical and mechanical degradation. This complexity is pronounced in applications such as electric vehicles, where highly demanding cycles of operation and varying environmental conditions lead to non-trivial interactions of ageing stress factors. This work presents the framework for an ageing diagnostic tool based on identifying and then tracking the evolution of model parameters of a fundamental electrochemistry-based battery model from non-invasive voltage/current cycling tests. In addition to understanding the underlying mechanisms for degradation, the optimisation algorithm developed in this work allows for rapid parametrisation of the pseudo-two dimensional (P2D), Doyle-Fuller-Newman, battery model. This is achieved through exploiting the embedded symbolic manipulation capabilities and global optimisation methods within MapleSim. Results are presented that highlight the significant reductions in the computational resources required for solving systems of coupled non-linear partial differential equations.

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Solid-state diffusion limitations on pulse operation of a lithium ion cell for hybrid electric vehicles

Cited by 327 publications

References 23 publications

Advances in Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management and Numerical Simulation

Advances in Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management and Numerical Simulation

Accelerated energy capacity measurement of lithium-ion cells to support future circular economy strategies for electric vehicles

Characterising Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation through the Identification and Tracking of Electrochemical Battery Model Parameters

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