Solid-phase extraction of bismuth, lead and nickel from seawater using silica gel modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane filled in a syringe prior to their determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Biogeochemistry of Nickel and Its Release into the Environment

“…Therefore, the EPA developed a clean sampling procedure of ambient water [14]. Solid phase extraction is a very sensitive, fast and economic preconcentration method [15], and various extractants are reported in the recent literature [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Alternatively, Ni can be preconcentrated using coprecipitation [25,26].…”

A Practical Application of Solid-phase Extraction Using a Syringe Filled with Sorbent for the Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Water

“…This procedure was handy, fast and convenient. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The amine groups are one of the most efficient functional groups for the removal of heavy metal ions, 14,15 and various adsorbents with amine functional groups have been developed from natural biopolymers, e.g. chitosan, which contains amine groups in its backbone, 16 or from synthetic polymers that are subsequently immobilized with the amine groups.…”

Solid phase extraction of trace amounts of palladium ions using multiwalled carbon nanotube modified by N,N’-bis(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2,2’(aminophenylthio) ethane prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…The benefits of SPE include high recoveries of analytes, purified extracts, high preconcentration factors, ease of automation, and reduction in the consumption of organic solvents [15,16]. The methods for producing solid phase material for SPE include binding the metal ion with chelating agents and adsorption on a solid phase such as octadecylsilane [17,18], and using chemically bonded silica gel [19,20], activated carbon [21,22], ion-exchange resins [23,24], chelating resins [25,26], zeolites [27][28][29] and various polymers [30].…”