Solid-phase extraction and field-amplified sample injection–capillary zone electrophoresis for the analysis of benzophenone UV filters in environmental water samples

Purrà, Miquel; Cinca, Roser; Legaz, Jessica; Núñez, Óscar

doi:10.1007/s00216-014-8086-z

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Table summarizes other methods developed for analysis of various kinds of food and water. In many of these applications, some kind of offline sample treatment was used additionally to the stacking technique, viz., SPE , dispersive SPE , SPE by a molecularly imprinted polymer , LLE , and accelerated solvent extraction .…”

Section: Concentration Adjustment (Kohlrausch Stacking)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2014–2016)

et al. 2016

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The term "sample stacking" comprises a relatively broad spectrum of techniques that already form an almost inherent part of the methodology of CZE. Their principles are different but the effect is the same: concentration of a diluted analyte into a narrow zone and considerable increase of the method sensitivity. This review brings a survey of papers on electrophoretic sample stacking published approximately since the second quarter of 2014 till the first quarter of 2016. It is organized according to the principles of the stacking methods and includes chapters aimed at the concentration adjustment principle (Kohlrausch stacking), techniques based on pH changes, micellar methods, and other stacking techniques. Not reviewed are papers on transient ITP that are covered by another review in this issue.

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Section: Concentration Adjustment (Kohlrausch Stacking)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2014–2016)

et al. 2016

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“…Tris-H 3 PO 4 was used as BGE system, and the effects of ionic strength (20,30,50, 70 mmol/L Tris solution), pH (2.2, 2.7, 3.2, 3.7) and organic additive (CH 3 OH) on the CE separation of target analytes were carefully investigated, respectively. The results showed that the ionic strength had a negligible effect on resolution, and 70 mmol/L of Tris providing the highest conductivity was chosen for subsequent experiment.…”

Section: Optimization Of Ce Separation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, electrokinetic injection is used instead of hydrodynamic injection for better preconcentration potential through sample stacking. FASI is the most simple and effective concentration technique that commonly used for stacking inorganic ions or ionic organic compounds, and has been widely used for concentrating organic pollutants , receptor antagonist , and drugs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with field-amplified sample injection CE-UV for high-sensitivity analysis of six cardiovascular drugs in human urine sample

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2016

ELECTROPHORESIS

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An effective dual preconcentration method involving off-line membrane supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (MS-LLLME) and on-line field-amplified sample injection (FASI) was proposed for the extraction of six cardiovascular drugs, including mexiletine, xylocaine, propafenone, propranolol, metoprolol, and carvedilol from aqueous solution prior to CE-UV. In MS-LLLME, the analytes were extracted from 9 mL sample solution into toluene, and then back extracted into a drop of acceptor phase of 10 μL 20 mmol/L acetic acid. After that, the acceptor phase was directly introduced into CE for FASI without any modification. In FASI process, water plug was hydrodynamically injected (50 mbar, 3 s) into the capillary prior to sample injection (+6 kV, 18 s). Six target analytes were separated in less than 10 min at 25°C with a BGE consisting of 70 mmol/L Tris-H3 PO4 (pH 2.2) containing 10% v/v methanol. Under the optimized conditions, LODs obtained by the proposed MS-LLLME-FASI-CE-UV method were in the range of 0.02-0.82 μg/L (based on S/N = 3) with enrichment factors of 546- to 7300-fold for the target analytes. The RSDs of the developed method were in the range of 6.7-12.9% (n = 7). Good linearity (R(2) = 0.9928-0.9997) was obtained in concentration range of 0.1-100 μg/L for mexiletine and propranolol, 0.2-100 μg/L for xylocaine and metoprolol, 0.5-100 μg/L for propafenone and 2.0-100 μg/L for carvedilol, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for real-time determination of metoprolol in human urine samples within 26 h after uptake.

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“…Lately, the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques has increased as an alternative to LC because of its high efficiency, rapid analysis, and low reagent consumption, and several applications dealing with the analysis of BPs in environmental [20,21] and cosmetic [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] samples can be found in the literature. Among CE techniques, micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), a CE mode that allows the separation of hydrophobic analytes by the combination of electrophoretic and chromatographic effects, and the only CE mode able to separate both neutral and charged analytes, has also been employed for the analysis of BPs although mainly in cosmetic matrices [22,24,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the analytes enter the capillary they stack up in the boundary region between the high-resistivity solvent and the background electrolyte (BGE) and separation will take place. An off-line SPE-FASI-CZE method was recently developed for the analysis of eight BPs in river water samples [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Amplified Sample Injection-Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography for the Determination of Benzophenones in Food Simulants

2015

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A field-amplified sample injection-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (FASI-MEKC) method for the determination of 14 benzophenones (BPs) in a food simulant used in migration studies of food packaging materials was developed, allowing almost baseline separation in less than 21 min. The use of a 10 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution as sample matrix was mandatory to achieve FASI enhancement of the analyzed BPs. A 21-to 784-fold sensitivity enhancement was achieved with FASI-MEKC, obtaining limits of detection down to 5.1-68.4 µg/L, with acceptable run-to-run precisions (RSD values lower than 22.3%) and accuracy (relative errors lower than 21.0%). Method performance was evaluated by quantifying BPs in the food simulant spiked at 500 µg/L (bellow the established specific migration limit for BP (600 µg/L) by EU legislation). For a 95% confidence level, no statistical differences were observed between found and spiked concentrations (probability at the confidence level, p value, of 0.55), showing that the proposed FASI-MEKC method is suitable for the analysis of BPs in food packaging migration studies at the levels established by EU legislation.

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Solid-phase extraction and field-amplified sample injection–capillary zone electrophoresis for the analysis of benzophenone UV filters in environmental water samples

Abstract: 27A field amplified sample injection-capillary zone electrophoresis (FASI-CZE) 28 method for the analysis of benzophenone (BP) UV-filters in environmental water

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2014–2016)

Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2014–2016)

Membrane supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with field-amplified sample injection CE-UV for high-sensitivity analysis of six cardiovascular drugs in human urine sample

Field-Amplified Sample Injection-Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography for the Determination of Benzophenones in Food Simulants

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