Solid-Phase Extraction and Elution on Diamond (SPEED):  A Fast and General Platform for Proteome Analysis with Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

This paper presents a new solid-phase extraction and elution platform based on surface-functionalized diamond nanocrystallites. Compared with conventional methods, the platform facilitates purification and concentration of intact proteins and their enzymatic digests for ensuing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis without prior removal of the adsorbent. One-pot work flow involving reduction of disulfide bonds, protection of free cysteine residues, washing off residual chemicals, and proteolytic digestion of adsorbed proteins can be performed directly on the particles. The utility and versatility of this protein workup platform were demonstrated with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in proteome analysis of human urine. The proteome analysis of each urine sample can be completed in 8 h.

Recent advances in solid-phase sorbents for sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis

“…Carbon exists in a number of allotropic forms, such as fullerenes, CNTs, including single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs), carbon nanohorns, carbon nanocones, carbon nanodisks, carbon nanofibers, nanotube rings, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene (G), and diamonds [22][23][24][25][26]. However, to date, from the analytical point of view, the applications have mainly been focused on the use of fullerenes, CNTs and GO/G.…”

An effective and in-situ method based tresyl-functionalized porous polymer material for enrichment and digestion of membrane proteins and its application in extraction tips

“…Digestion of MPs was implemented according to the measures of an earlier publication with some changes on the surface of the AF-Tresyl-650M material [28]. MPs was dissolved with 4% SDS, which was carried out at À20 C using sonication in water bath for 20 min.…”

Recent developments of nanoparticle-based enrichment methods for mass spectrometric analysis in proteomics

“…Compared with direct MALDI MS analysis, the detection sensitivity has been enhanced by more than 2 orders of magnitude using this pre-concentration strategy. The authors further demonstrated that these surface-functionalized nanodiamonds could also be used to extract protein digests from dilute solutions containing high concentrations of urea, salts, and detergents [59]. Wei et al found that detonation nanodiamond (dND) could be used as adsorbent for pretreatment of peptides in dilute/contaminated sample solutions [60].…”